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Background: Small-cell carcinoma is a relatively infrequent pathological variety of esophageal cancer. In this study, a novel nomogram model was developed to evaluate the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with primary esophageal small-cell carcinoma (ESmCC).Materials and Methods: In total, 502 patients with primary ESmCC were identified based on data from 1973 to 2015 retrieved from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Clinical characteristics such as age at diagnosis, gender, race, site, tumor stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were included for multivariate logistic analyses to predict CSS and OS. Nomogram models for the prediction of CSS and OS in ESmCC patients were tested with the concordance index (C-index) method and calibration curves.Results: From our multivariate analyses, race, stage, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, but not surgery, were significantly associated with the CSS of ESmCC patients, while age at diagnosis, stage, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were significantly associated with their OS. Nomograms were developed using age at diagnosis, race, gender, stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy to predict the two survival measures; these nomograms were verified as accurate in predicting OS and CSS in ESmCC patients, with C-index values of 0.736 and 0.731, respectively.Conclusions: By utilizing easily accessible clinicopathological information, we established a simple but useful tool for predicting the CSS and OS of ESmCC patients that could help to make personalized clinical decisions for patients with this rare malignancy. Cancer-specific survival, esophageal small-cell carcinoma, nomogram, overall survival, surveillance, epidemiology, and end results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Baricitinib is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The authors retrospectively investigated adverse events (AEs) by data-mining a self-reporting database to better understand toxicities, especially since it has been used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic., Methods: A reporting odds ratio (ROR) was used to detect the risk signals from the data in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adverse event reporting system database (FAERS). The definition relied on system organ class (SOCs) and preferred terms (PTs) by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA)., Results: The search retrieved 1,598 baricitinib-associated cases within the reporting period: 86 PTs with significant disproportionality were retained. Infections including 'herpes zoster,' 'oral herpes,' and 'herpes virus infection' were found at a similar rate to those reported in trials, and such events were rare. Reports emerged for several thrombotic adverse events, while these events were also rare. Unexpected safety signals as opportunistic infections were detected. Serious outcomes as death and life-threatening outcomes accounted for 9.76% of the reported cases., Conclusions: The incidence of these AEs does not appear above the background expected. These data are consistent with routine clinical observations and suggest the importance of pharmacovigilance.