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The purpose of the present investigation was to explore risk and preventive behaviors for potential HIV exposure among 362 married drug-abusing men entering outpatient treatment and their wives. During the year before entering treatment, 144 husbands (40%) reported they had engaged in sexual or drug use behaviors that placed them at high risk for HIV exposure. Nearly all of the wives of these husbands (n=138, 96%) reported they had sexual intercourse with their spouses during this same time period. Among these sexually active couples, 108 of the wives (78%) reported that condoms were not regularly used when they had intercourse with their spouses, thus placing them at high risk for indirect exposure to HIV. Seventy-seven (71%) of these 108 wives reported they were not aware their husbands had engaged in high risk behaviors and thus were unknowingly placed at high risk for indirect exposure to HIV. Among those couples with husbands who had engaged in a high risk behavior, longer marriages, a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder for husbands, and wives' lack of knowledge of husbands' high risk behaviors were uniquely associated with an increased likelihood of wives being placed at high risk for indirect exposure to HIV.

The environmental and social circumstances in bars are likely to contribute to an individual's risk for becoming a victim. The present study was designed to assess differences that exist in these circumstances between times when aggression does and does not occur in bars. Participants were a subsample of 46 women who had previously participated in a larger survey of female bar drinkers. Using daily logs and biweekly interviews over 12 weeks, the author assessed the drinking patterns and aggressive experiences of these women. At times when aggression occurred women spent less time in the bar, consumed more alcohol, and reported feeling more intoxicated. Differences were found between sexual and nonsexual incidents and among the women on the basis of the type of aggression they had experienced. Women who experienced both sexual and nonsexual aggression reported using other drugs in addition to alcohol when drinking in bars. These findings and their implications for prevention are discussed.