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Core Ideas: Furrow diking increases soybean irrigation water use efficiency.Furrow diking should be a Mid‐Southern USA BMP.Furrow diking reduces Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer overdrafts. Best management practices (BMP) to improve irrigation efficiency and rainfall capture are needed in the Mid‐Southern USA to ease overdrafts from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA). One potential BMP is furrow diking (FD), wherein tillage is used to create small basins within the furrow to capture water from rainfall and irrigation. The objective of this research was to quantify the effect of FD on soybean grain yield, IWUE, and economic analysis under both irrigated and rainfed environments. Two studies were conducted to evaluate FD in irrigated and rainfed systems. Treatments included FD and non‐diked (control) in a randomized complete block design with six replications. Furrow diking had no impact on soybean grain yield in either irrigated or rainfed environments (P > 0.05). Similar yields were maintained in the FD system when 25% less water was applied, increasing the irrigation water use efficiency by 28% (P < 0.0001). No effect of FD was observed on total revenue or net returns above FD costs (P > 0.05). These data indicate FD is a possible BMP for increasing irrigation efficiency and decreasing aquifer withdrawals in Mid‐Southern USA soybean production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Athletes of all ages may be affected by medical and mental health issues. Sports medicine physicians should be familiar with common conditions that may affect the well-being of athletes, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD behaviors have the potential to affect a person's ability to concentrate. It is likely that social and cognitive therapies combined with pharmacotherapy will be the most effective way to treat ADHD in athletes. Medications used for ADHD, especially stimulant types, are known to improve alertness, reaction time, anaerobic performance, and endurance, which would potentially improve athletic performance. Furthermore, stimulant medications may enable student athletes with ADHD to focus on academic studies for longer periods of time, beyond usual levels of fatigue, important for those who may be exhausted after practices and games. The purported performance enhancement effects and potential adverse effects of stimulant medications have prompted many sports governing bodies to ban prescription stimulants or establish strict rules for their use. Athletes taking physician-prescribed stimulants to treat ADHD need to provide the appropriate documentation for approval before competition or risk punitive measures. Physicians should strive to provide a high quality of care to athletes with ADHD through early diagnosis, appropriate and careful multidisciplinary treatment, and complete and timely documentation to facilitate continued sports participation., Competing Interests: Dr Kane (American College of Sports Medicine Trustee) and Dr Street Callender (American Medical Society for Sports Medicine [AMSSM] Education Committee Co-Chair; American College of Sports Medicine Pronouncements Committee member) report an unpaid “leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group.” None of the remaining coauthors report any declarations or conflicts of interest. All authors have disclosed financial and other relevant conflicts of interest, if any, related to the research and written presentation of their work., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)