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Background: In 2022, the "New Capitalism Grand Design and Implementation Plan" was adopted in Japan, emphasizing the promotion and environmental development of startups. Given this context, an investigation into the startup and investment landscape in the allergy sector, both domestically and internationally, becomes imperative., Methods: We analyzed 156 allergy-related startups from Japan, the US, and Europe from 2010 to 2021. Data on corporate information and investment trends were extracted from databases and VC websites., Results: The total investment reached approximately 7.2 billion USD, with a ratio of 20:6:1 for the US, Europe, and Japan, respectively. The US showed a decline post its peak from 2016-2018, while Europe and Japan experienced growth. Notably, the US primarily invested in biopharmaceuticals for atopic dermatitis and food allergies, Europe in asthma-related apps, and Japan in healthcare apps and cross-border startups., Discussion and Conclusion: While Japan's investment environment in the allergy sector remains in its nascent stages and has room for development, the US and Europe are evidently ahead. Considering the rise of startups and funding limitations in Japan, external funding from regions like the US becomes a potential avenue. These findings are anticipated to contribute to the strategic activation of startups in allergy research and development.

Introduction: Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is one of the most critical conditions seen in the emergency department (ED). Although initial serum pH value is reported to be associated with outcome in adult OHCA patients, the association is unclear in pediatric OHCA patients. Thus, we aimed to identify the association between initial pH value and outcome among pediatric OHCA patients., Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort registry (Japanese Association for Acute Medicine out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry) from 87 hospitals in Japan. We included pediatric OHCA patients younger than 16 years of age who were registered in this registry between June 2014 and December 2017. Of the 34,754 patients in the database, 458 patients were ultimately included in the analysis. We equally divided the patients into four groups, based on their initial pH value, and conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to calculate the adjusted odds ratios of the initial pH value on hospital arrival with their 95% confidence intervals for the primary outcome., Results: The median (interquartile range) age was 1 (0-6) year, and 77.9% (357/458) of the first monitored rhythm was asystole. The primary outcome was 1-month survival. The overall 1-month survival was 13.3% (61/458), and a 1-month favorable neurologic outcome was seen in 5.2% (24/458) of cases. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the pH 6.81-6.64, pH 6.63-6.47, pH <6.47, and pH unknown groups compared with the pH ≥6.82 group for 1-month survival were 0.39 (0.16-0.97), 0.13 (0.04-0.44), 0.03 (0.00-0.24), and 0.07 (0.02-0.21), respectively., Conclusions: This study demonstrated the association between the initial pH value on hospital arrival and 1-month survival among pediatric OHCA patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Using the Japanese version of home form of the ADHD-RS, this survey attempted to compare the scores between the US and Japan and examined the correlates of ADHD-RS. We collected responses from parents or rearers of 5977 children (3119 males and 2858 females) in nursery, elementary, and lower-secondary schools. A confirmed factor analysis of ADHD-RS confirmed the two-factor solution (Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive) same as previous studies. ADHD-RS scores were not related to IQ, but were negatively associated with standardized achievement test scores. Males showed stronger ADHD tendencies than did the females, and the scores ended to decline as the children grew older. Japanese children scored lower than did their US children in Hyperactive-Impulsive among all of the sex-age groups. Japanese version of home form of the ADHD-RS was developed with good reliability and validity. More researches of ADHD in Japanese children are required., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Using the Japanese version of school form of the ADHD-RS, this survey attempted to compare the scores between the US and Japan and examined the correlates of ADHD-RS. The classroom teachers of 7414 children (3842 males and 3572 females) evaluated all the children's behaviors. A confirmed factor analysis of ADHD-RS confirmed the two-factor solution (Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive) same as previous studies. ADHD-RS scores were not related to IQ, but were associated with standardized achievement test scores. Males showed stronger ADHD tendencies than did the females, and the males tended to score lower as they grew older. Our comparison of the scores between the US and Japan found the Japanese children scored lower than did their US children. Japanese version of school form of the ADHD-RS with good reliability and validity was developed. More researches of ADHD in Japanese children are required., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Noroviruses (NVs) are important human pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis. Genetically related animal enteric NVs have also been described, but there is no evidence of interspecies transmission of NVs. In this study we characterized antibody prevalence among domestic pigs by using recombinant capsid antigens of two human NVs (Norwalk and Hawaii) and one swine NV (SW918) that is genetically related to GII human NVs. Recombinant SW918 capsid protein expressed in baculovirus self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) that were detected by antibodies against GII (Hawaii and Mexico), but not GI (Norwalk and VA115), human NVs. NVs recognize human histo-blood group antigens as receptors, but SW918 VLPs did not bind to human saliva samples with major histo-blood group types. Seventy-eight of 110 (71%) pig serum samples from the United States and 95 of 266 (36%) pig serum samples from Japan possessed antibodies against SW918. Serum samples from pigs in the United States were also tested for antibodies against human NVs; 63% were positive for Norwalk virus (GI) and 52% for Hawaii virus (GII). These results indicate that NV infections are common among domestic pigs; the finding of antigenic relationships between SW918 and human NVs and the detection of antibodies against both GI and GII human NVs in domestic animals highlights the importance of further studies on NV gastroenteritis as a possible zoonotic disease.

Antigenic analysis of influenza A(H1N1) virus isolates by hemagglutination inhibition reactions with postinfection ferret sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies showed that, although the predominant virus in 1978 to 1979 had an A/Brazil/11/78-like hemagglutinin, several new antigenic variants could be detected which differed from those identified in 1977 to 1978. Most of the variants showed very minor changes and did not achieve epidemiological significance. Genome analysis by ribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid hybridization, and supported by oligonucleotide mapping, indicated that nonrecombinant H1N1 viruses cocirculated in the world with recombinant H1N1 viruses, identified in 1978 to 1979. The results of our antigenic analysis and genomic analysis, in conjunction with genomic analysis by other authors, showed that recombinants with A/USSR/90/77-like and A/Brazil/11/78-like hemagglutinin had different genome compositions, indicating that H3N2 virus recombined separately with these different antigenic variants. Prevalence of the nonrecombinant and recombinant H1N1 viruses varied between regions of the world, and influenza A(H1N1) virus with a genotype almost identical to that of nonrecombinant A/Brazil/11/78 virus reappeared as a cause of local outbreaks in the United States in 1980 despite the predominance of recombinant H1N1 strains in the preceding winter.