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Introduction: Asian Indians (AIs), the second largest immigrant population in the United States, are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at a lower age and body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social determinants of health (SDOH) and the diagnosis of T2DM among AIs in New Jersey (NJ)., Methodology: This was a secondary data analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in NJ from 2013 to 2017. Statistical analyses included descriptive and inferential statistics., Results: Among 1,132 AIs, 16% had T2DM or prediabetes (PDM) and 69.2% were overweight or obese. The risk for T2DM was significantly associated with internet use, older age, having medical check-ups, and having a personal doctor ( p ≤ .05)., Discussion: These findings inform culturally congruent care by underscoring the importance of weight management, earlier screening, and provider involvement in diabetes prevention strategies for AIs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective: Counseling patients about nutrition significantly improves chronic disease outcomes. Endocrinologists are uniquely positioned to educate patients regarding nutrition. The purpose of this study was to define the current state of nutrition education in endocrinology fellowship programs in the United States and assess the needs for future nutrition training., Methods: Endocrinology program directors were surveyed via an online questionnaire between February and April 2021., Results: Thirty-eight program directors responded (25% response rate) to the survey. Twenty-two (58%) programs offered nutrition education. Existing nutrition education offerings were 1 to 5 total hours (13, 34%), primarily didactic (20, 53%), and often led by registered dietitian nutritionists (15, 39%). Only 3 (8%) programs rated their current nutrition education as extremely effective; 95% of respondents believed that further nutrition education was needed. According to respondents, the ideal nutrition education for endocrine trainees should be 1 to 5 total hours (19, 50%) over multiple sessions (25, 66%), be interactive (24, 63%), and be led by registered dietitian nutritionists (26, 68%). The most important topics for independent practice included diet-related behavior modification (21, 55%), components of a healthful diet (19, 50%), and energy expenditure/intake (18, 47%)., Conclusion: Although the majority of the program directors believe that further nutrition education is needed, almost half of the surveyed programs do not offer such training. Programs that offer nutrition education primarily rely on a didactic format. There is an unmet need for interactive, multidisciplinary nutrition education in these programs., (Copyright © 2021 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine changes in preschoolers' ability to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy foods and stated food preferences after participation in a nutrition education program., Design: Pre-post comparison/intervention study with sites clustered based on center size and language., Setting: Preschool classrooms., Participants: A total of 191 preschoolers from Nevada and 128 from Connecticut, New Jersey, and Oklahoma., Intervention: All 4 Kids, a 24-lesson program taught by trained instructors., Main Outcome Measures: Pre- and post-assessment sum scores for identifying 18 foods; stated preference for, and distinguishing between, healthy vs unhealthy choice from 9 food pairs using a newly designed tool., Analysis: t tests; multiple linear and logistic regression models., Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in identification scores from pre- to post-study for both groups from Nevada (P < .001). For preference and distinguishing between healthy and unhealthy foods, no differences were noted at pretest. At posttest, significantly more intervention than comparison preschoolers indicated a preference for healthier foods (P < .006) and an ability to distinguish them (P < .03). Outcome comparison between Nevada and 3 states demonstrated generalizability of the study tool., Conclusions and Implications: Participation in All 4 Kids resulted in preschoolers' increased understanding of healthy foods and changed their stated food preferences., (Copyright © 2014 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Data collected in the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program on alcohol and other drug use among arrestees provide a valuable opportunity to examine the relationship between alcohol use and violence. The data are used to explore the combined use of alcohol and other drugs among offenders and the relationships between substance use and the offenders' demographic characteristics and offenses. These findings are used to identify changes in the offenders' alcohol and other drug use over time.