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Psoriasis and sarcoidosis are inflammatory skin and systemic diseases that may share a similar immunopathogenesis involving a Th1 and/or Th17 polarized immune response. Although the coexistence of sarcoidosis and psoriasis in the same individuals has been reported, the potential association between these diseases at a population-level in the United States has not been evaluated. To evaluate this association, we performed a matched cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program database. In the multivariable analysis of 4932 psoriasis cases and 19,728 controls, sarcoidosis was found to be significantly associated with psoriasis (OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.73–3.23], p < 0.001). The relative strength of this association between psoriasis and sarcoidosis may be, in part, explained by overlapping immunopathogenesis and common genetic susceptibility of these diseases. Taken together, these observations underscore the need for screening psoriasis patients for development of new cardiopulmonary symptoms. Further research into the mechanism of this relationship and its implications is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To investigate the slowdown in mortality improvement in the United States, United Kingdom, and comparator countries observed in the first decade of the twenty-first century and critically evaluate proposed explanations. Methods Change-point analysis to identify the year of change in comparison of national mortality trends and linear spline models in the investigation of subnational differences using data from the Human Mortality Database, Global Burden of Disease cause-specific data, and, for the United Kingdom, national statistics data. Consideration of the impact of using different methods to estimate overall mortality is also concluded together with a review of methodological assumptions made in previous studies. Results The results confirm the slowdown in mortality improvement observed in the early twenty-first century but indicate that proposed explanations for this are inadequate on a range of counts. Discussion Mortality improvement slowed down in the early twenty-first century but the explanations advanced, such as opioid use in the United States or influenza epidemics and austerity programs in the United Kingdom, seem unlikely to account for this. Further research considering longer-term life course and cohort influences is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our findings demonstrate the persistence and widening of geographic disparities in dupilumab access over time and may provide a useful baseline for evaluating the future impact of newly approved therapies on the AD treatment landscape. Our study is limited in that geographic and specialty data were only available for prescribers with >=10 dupilumab claims submitted to Medicare and that the Medicare population may not be the main users of dupilumab in the USA. Trends in the total number of prescribers, beneficiaries, claims, and total cost of dupilumab in the Medicare population from 2017 to 2019. [Extracted from the article]

Assesses psychologists' perceptions of the effects of managed care on practice and ethics in the United States. Increase in dependence on managed care services for income; Loss of control over clinical decisions; Potential harm to patients from erosion of confidentiality; Concerns not addressed by the American Psychological Association ethics code.

Discusses survey results on the attitudes of directors of clinical training (DCTs) in the United States toward the hypothetical implementation of a sample predoctoral prescription training model created by the American Psychological Association. Divergent views of DCTs on the practicality and value of predoctoral prescription training.

Focuses on the role of evaluation information in legislative decision making. Case study of a career ladder reform in the 1987 Utah legislative process; Career ladder program evaluation report; Impact of the report.

This article discusses concerns over the distortion of the true image of law enforcement in the U.S. The improvement of the law enforcement image is not solely a police responsibility, it is not primarily the District Attorney's concern, it is not only the obligation of the courts. It is basically the obligation of the citizens of the community, collectively and individually. People seek and have a right to effective law enforcement to the end that they may be secure in their homes, their persons and their property from the ravages of the criminal element. They note with concern the rising crime rate and expect the agencies of government, from law enforcement through social work groups, to solve these problems. There can be no ultimate solutions until law enforcement and public alike, work together to correct the illnesses of society. The public too often fails to realize that they must play a part in law enforcement. Their role must be active rather than passive, constructive rather than irresponsibly critical, cooperative rather than negative. Although part of the distortion is being created by certain groups determined to weaken the democratic process, a greater proportion unconsciously emanates from a lack of knowledge of the role and attitude of law enforcement officers.

Discusses the conflict between courts and medical services in the U.S. Deprivation of liberty for noncriminal offenders; Education about the legal issues pertaining to public health emergencies; Scope of public health emergency issues.

Opinion. Comments on the importance of the presence of fathers in the children's formative years in the United States. Link between the presence of fathers and the entry of men into the prison system; Behavior exhibited by fatherless children; Need to address the correlation between fatherlesness and imprisonment.

Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest J.M.C. serves on a data and safety monitoring board for Advarra and has served as a consultant for Novartis. M.D.V.’s spouse is an employee of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

&ldquo;Hispanic&rdquo; and &ldquo;Latino&rdquo; (also known as Mestizo) describe a diverse racial and ethnic group, with a range of cultures, languages, and biological ancestry. It includes individuals of Mexican, Central-to-South American, and Spanish-Caribbean (eg, Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Dominican) descent.1 Individuals of Hispanic/Latino race and ethnicity represent a heterogenous group of people with different skin tones and Fitzpatrick phototypes. Hispanic/Latinos are the fastest growing population in the United States (US) - projected to increase from 55 million in 2014 to 119 million in 2060, an increase of 115%.2 By 2060, more than one-quarter (29%) of the US is projected to be Hispanic/Latino.2.

Several ethical concerns are central to the field of medical research. A sampling of these ethical conundrums include fraudulent data, publication bias, conflict of interest, IRB compliance, and confidentiality. In this article we attempt to highlight some of the components central to these areas of concern. In doing so we hope to generate discussion regarding some of the main areas of ethical concern in dermatologic and scientific bench side research. Additionally, we suggest that the use of journal publications, presentations, and training sessions, in concert with the development of dermatoethics courses as components of dermatology residency program curricula, can be used to maintain the academic discourse on ethics and minimize the risk of ethical conflict in the field of dermatologic research. These efforts will serve to maintain the quality and integrity of research on skin diseases., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article focuses on the regulatory issues to consider when veterinarians are called upon to treat animal toxicoses, in particular those involving food-producing animals. The lack of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs to treat animal toxicoses has been a long-standing problem. This article reviews extralabel drug use regulations, and the responsibilities of the treating veterinarian. It discusses the legal implications of compounding and the use of unapproved drugs to treat animal toxicoses. Efforts should be made to increase the availability of life-saving antidotal therapies., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Antibiotics are among the most widely prescribed drugs and are generally considered safe for the target species. However, their use has been associated with various adverse toxic effects in target animals, such as allergic reactions, gastrointestinal signs, cardiovascular effects, hypoglycemia, hepatic/renal toxicity, thrombocytopenia, and anaphylaxis. This article provides a qualitative summary of the adverse events observed in target animals during the evaluation of antibiotics by the Food and Drug Administration during both preapproval and postapproval periods. As there is a marked scarcity of published data on safety of antibiotics in food animals, more research is needed in this area., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)