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Background:As life expectancy and morbidity related to chronic disease increase, the baby boomers will be called upon to provide care to aging members of their family or to be care recipients themselves.Purpose:Through the theoretical lens of the life course perspective, this review of the literature provides insight into what characteristics of baby boomers separate them from previous caregiving cohorts and how these characteristics will affect family caregiving.Methods:A systematic process to identify literature was completed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Results:Findings suggest multiple emerging trends related to caregiving, including (1) increasing use of digital technology for information gathering and support, (2) more diversity among caregivers and care recipients, (3) strained finances and loss of entitlements, (4) more complex care and care management, (5) demand for public policies related to caregiving, and (6) balancing work, family, chronic disease, and caregiving.Discussion:Examining the literature related to family caregiving and baby boomers through a life course perspective offers a unique and more complete understanding of emerging trends related to chronic disease management.Translation to Health Education Practice:These emerging trends offer health educators implications for strategies and best practices intended to support those involved in family caregiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore Mexican dietary acculturation patterns among immigrants using a unique transnational photographic assessment. Participants (N = 10) were Latino mother and child pairs living in Mexico (1 pair) and in the United States (4 pairs). Data were collected in 2 phases: 1) participant observation and photography in Mexico, and 2) in-depth interviewing using photographic guides in North Carolina. Environment, daily activity patterns, shopping, and dietary patterns in Mexico were all documented. Acculturation resulted in poor dietary intake due to decreased availability, food displacement, and cost. Decreases in physical activity due to environmental and social barriers were also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comprehensive picture of the manner in which uncompensated care patients utilize the emergency departments (EDs) of two Central Florida hospitals. Specifically, this study assesses the impact of treating uncompensated and primary care patients in ED settings on scarce hospital and community resources. Recommendations are being offered to manage a troubling situation that is occurring with alarming frequency in today's health care system throughout the United States. Special emphasis is placed on recommendations addressing alternative triage and financing models that are considered to be both socially responsible and economically viable. The results of this study suggest strongly that health care organizations must find an alternative to the current trend in ED utilization, in order to meet the primary care needs of patients and not compromise the care provided to those with emergent conditions. The recommendations emanating from this study outline a mechanism that can improve the timeliness of emergency care to those in need, while at the same time, making available primary care resources to those seeking services through an emergency department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2015 alone, community water systems serving about 21 million Americans violated the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (US-EPA) water quality standards. While water at community treatment and distribution centers is regularly monitored and tested, little is known about pollutants in the water systems at the household level., Aims: This pilot study assessed the feasibility of (1) testing for the presence and concentration of 14 contaminants and physicochemical parameters in household tap water in a low-income neighborhood and (2) using community engagement for recruitment and citizen science approaches to data collection., Methods: We used a multistage approach that included geo-mapping to delineate testing sites, community engagement for recruitment and citizen science approaches to increase the response rate. We used a 14-in-one dipstick test designed to measure trace amounts of heavy metals, non-metallic elements, and physicochemical water properties in drinking water in a sample of 70 homes., Results: In 50%, 25%, and 7% of water samples tested, the concentration of mercury, lead, and chromium, respectively, were higher than US-EPA drinking water standards. Citizen science approaches were effective for increasing response rates and low-income household participation in water quality testing., Significance: The overlap between poverty, older homes, and high concentrations of potentially toxic metals in drinking water presents concerns for community health. Our pilot community engagement and citizen science approaches are likely scalable and would be of benefit to both the scientific community and to municipalities with constrained budgets. Future studies may examine the role of the principles of environmental justice in the distribution and prevalence of toxic elements in drinking water., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Background: Montagnard refugees, an indigenous multilingual tribal people from Vietnam, experience lifestyle changes and post-resettlement challenges in the United States that contribute to chronic health conditions. Foundational research and health data are lacking., Objectives: We describe the Montagnard Hypertension Study, a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project documenting chronic disease risk., Methods: We developed a Montagnard dictionary of hypertension-specific terminology and conducted two focus group discussions (FGD), 131 biological assessments (blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, scalp hair and saliva sample collection), and 127 behavioral surveys. We implemented two health fairs that offered services to the community., Lessons Learned: This is the first study to examine chronic disease using a CBPR framework for Montagnard health. We highlight lessons learned specific to constituents and their capacities, historical and current conflicts, and the iterative processes in CBPR design., Conclusions: CBPR is a practically achievable approach to studying chronic disease risk within indigenous, tribal communities, with implications for future research with Asian American subgroups and other minority populations.

This article describes the procedures used to determine the conceptual adequacy and cultural appropriateness of a newly developed HIV Testing Enablers Assessment (H-TEA) instrument to be used with underserved Hispanic/Latino immigrant women. The aim was to create an appropriate format for women with similar language proficiencies and ethnic backgrounds. We discuss the feedback we received from the women in terms of cultural nuances we must pay attention to when creating items and organizing them into an assessment instrument. Women reported on the understandability, comfort level, likelihood of truthfulness, and cultural relevancy of questions and response options for the instrument. These are key factors in developing an instrument that is relevant, reliable, and culturally appropriate for our target population.

As the cultural and linguistic diversity of the United States continues to grow and population shifts transform the communities where we live and work, health care providers continue to face challenges to deliver health services in demographically redefined terrains. This report describes the development of a Spanish-language training guide for community health workers (Guía de Capacitación para Promotoras de Salud) based on the book Nuestros Cuerpos, Nuestras Vidas (NCNV), the Spanish-language translation and cultural adaptation of the classic women's health book Our Bodies, Ourselves. The guide aims to 1) provide a tool for addressing the health education needs of immigrant Latinas and 2) facilitate the use of the book NCNV as a health education tool in Latino communities. Thirty telephone interviews with individuals working in agencies and organizations serving Latinos and 2 focus groups with Latinas were conducted to select the topics included in the training guide, all of which were drawn directly from NCNV. The guide contains 11 modules organized into 6 workshops. The modules address 11 topics related to women's health, ranging from sexuality and pregnancy to domestic violence and mental health. An ecological framework is used to deliver the health information. The materials acknowledge the roles of history, environment, culture, economic conditions, migration history, and politics as key determinants of health and illness. The workshops are designed to train community health workers on the women's health topics contained in the guide and to equip them for the delivery of health education among immigrant Latinas., (© 2012 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.)