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Background: Lacking in previous studies on uveal metastasis is a robust statistical comparison of patient demographics, tumor features, and overall survival based on patient sex., Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate demographics, clinical features, and overall survival of patients with uveal metastasis based on sex., Method: This is a retrospective analysis. All patients were evaluated on the Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, PA between January 1, 1974 and June 1, 2017., Results: A total of 2214 uveal metastases were diagnosed in 1310 eyes of 1111 consecutive patients. A comparison (female versus male) revealed differences across several demographic and clinical features including, among others, mean age at metastasis diagnosis (58 vs 63 years, P < 0.001), bilateral disease (21% vs 11%, P < 0.001), and mean number of metastases per eye (1.8 vs 1.6 tumors per eye, P = 0.04). There were differences in overall mean survival (20 vs 13 months, P = 0.03) and 5-year survival (Kaplan-Meier estimate) (31% vs 21%, P < 0.001)., Conclusions: There are demographic, clinical, and survival differences when patients with uveal metastases are compared by sex. Understanding these differences can aid the clinician in better anticipating patient outcomes.

Objective: To compare the difference of anterior segment structure between Chinese Han people and American Caucasians, and to explore the confounding factors of anterior chamber angle. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The study was designed to include two healthy groups of Chinese Han people (enrolled from Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital) and American Caucasians (enrolled from Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco) from May 2008 to December 2010, each with approximately 120 participants, including 15 persons of each gender in each decade between 40 and 80 years of age. The parameters of the anterior segment were measured by the automatic refractive test, A-ultrasound and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Differences between the two groups were compared with the independent-sample t test or Wilcoxon two-sample test for continuous variable data and the χ(2) test for classified variable data. Multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the associated factors of anterior chamber angle. Results: There were 118 subjects (118 eyes) and 117 subjects (117 eyes) enrolled in the Chinese and American Caucasians groups, respectively. Compared to Caucasians, Chinese had smaller A-ultrasound measured anterior chamber depth [(3.03±0.34) mm vs . (3.38±0.36) mm, t= -5.791, P< 0.001], smaller relative lens position [0.227 (0.198, 0.256) vs . 0.235 (0.191, 0.262), Z= -3.063, P =0.002], smaller axial length [23.3 (20.9,28.3) mm vs . 24.2 (20.8,28.5) mm, Z= -5.510, P< 0.001], smaller iris root distance [0.111 (0.000, 0.401) mm vs . 0.142 (0.000, 0.451) mm, Z= -3.188, P= 0.001], smaller ciliary body thickness at 1 mm posterior to the scleral spur [0.661 (0.424, 0.892) mm vs . 0.716 (0.467, 0.942) mm, Z= -3.456, P= 0.001], smaller trabecular ciliary process distance [0.780 (0.410, 1.400) mm vs . 0.930 (0.420, 1.470) mm, Z= -3.191, P= 0.001], smaller trabecular ciliary process angle [73.4° (36.3°, 115.3°) vs . 81.1° (47.9°, 147.9°), Z= -3.407, P =0.001], smaller angle opening distance at 500 μm (AOD500) [0.181 (0.000, 0.703) mm vs . 0.264 (0.000, 0.806) mm, Z= -3.444, P= 0.001], smaller angle recess area (ARA) [0.118 (0.011, 0.457) mm(2) vs . 0.179 (0.000, 0.626) mm(2), Z= -3.814, P< 0.001], larger spherical equivalent [0.40 (-5.80, 4.00) D vs . -0.70 (-8.00, 4.00) D, Z= -5.454, P< 0.001], larger lens thickness [(4.62±0.40) mm vs. (4.52±0.40) mm, t= 2.077, P= 0.039] and larger iris thickness [0.430 (0.280, 0.600) mm vs . 0.410 (0.240, 0.580) mm, Z= -2.263, P= 0.024]. On average, with each decade of the increased age, Chinese had a greater decrease in the AOD500 than Caucasians (0.040 mm in Chinese vs . 0.030 mm in Caucasians), while the angle recess area decreased at the same rate (0.020 mm(2) in both groups). After adjusted for age, gender, spherical equivalent, axial length and other parameters of the anterior segment, the trabecular ciliary process angle [for AOD500, standardized regression coefficient (SRC)=0.487, R (2)=0.549, P< 0.001; for ARA, SRC=0.372, R (2)=0.502, P< 0.001] and anterior chamber depth (for AOD500, SRC=0.413, R (2)=0.476, P< 0.001; for ARA, SRC=0.331, R (2)=0.403, P< 0.001) were the main factors of anterior chamber angle parameters for Chinese and Caucasians, respectively. Conclusions: Compared with age and gender matched American Caucasians, Chinese Han people have more crowded anterior chambers and narrower anterior chamber angles. The more anteriorly positioned ciliary processes and shallower anterior chambers are the main factors that contributed to more crowded anterior chambers in Chinese Han people and American Caucasians, respectively. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 820 - 826) .

Purpose: To describe closed-globe conjunctival and corneal injuries and endothelial cell abnormalities associated with blast exposure and their relationships to other closed-globe injuries and blast-event characteristics., Design: Observational cross-sectional study., Participants: Veterans with a history of blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI)., Methods: History and ocular examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, specular microscopy., Main Outcome Measures: Type and location of blast injuries to the conjunctiva and cornea., Results: Ocular surface injuries were present in 25% (16 of 65) of blast-exposed veterans with TBI. Injuries included partial-thickness anterior stromal corneal scars (15 eyes), Descemet membrane ruptures (6 eyes), and conjunctival or corneal foreign bodies (7 eyes). Based on normative information from an age-matched comparison group, endothelial cell abnormalities were identified in 37% of participants. Eyes with ocular surface injury were more likely to have lower endothelial cell density, higher coefficient of variation of cell area, and lower percentage of hexagonal cells compared with eyes without injury. Presence of ocular surface injury or endothelial cell abnormalities was associated with elevated rates of other anterior and posterior segment injuries, as well as impairment of visual acuity. We found no relationship between ballistic eyewear use or severity level of TBI and presence of ocular surface injuries from blast., Conclusions: Independent of TBI severity or use of protective eyewear, ocular surface injuries and endothelial cell abnormalities were found in significant numbers of veterans with blast-related brain injury. Descemet membrane ruptures from blast exposure were described. Ocular surface trauma was associated with other ocular injuries throughout the globe. Potential mechanisms for the types and locations of ocular injuries seen were discussed. Any corneal or conjunctival injury in a blast survivor should prompt a thorough ocular trauma examination, including gonioscopy and specular microscopy, with appropriate follow-up for associated injuries. Longitudinal studies are required to determine long-term visual outcomes after blast exposure., (Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors and characteristics of plateau iris configuration (PIC) among American Caucasian, American Chinese and mainland Chinese., Methods: This multicentre, cross-sectional study of non-glaucomatous subjects (40-80 years) included 111 American Caucasian, 116 American Chinese and 110 mainland Chinese. Prevalence of PIC based on ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging was compared among the different ethnic groups. Risk factors and anterior segment optical coherence tomography-measured iris and angle parameters in eyes with PIC were compared., Results: The prevalence of PIC was 25.2% in American Caucasian, 24.1% in American Chinese and 20.9% in mainland Chinese (p=0.73). The presence of PIC was associated with more positive spherical equivalence (OR=1.31, p=0.002) and shorter axial length (OR=0.75, p=0.04). There were significant differences in angle recess area (ARA) (p=0.04), IT750 (p=0.007) and IT2000 (p<0.001) between Chinese and Caucasians who have PIC., Conclusions: The prevalence of PIC did not differ among American Caucasian, American Chinese and mainland Chinese. PIC was associated with non-myopia and shorter axial length. Chinese eyes with PIC had smaller ARA and thicker irides than Caucasian ones. PIC might be a physiological variation of the iris and ciliary body that exists in normal eyes, both in Chinese and Caucasians.

Purpose: To qualitatively classify and compare types of iris insertion among American Caucasians, American Chinese, and mainland Chinese., Methods: Prospective multicenter cross-sectional study. Sex- and age-matched Caucasian, American Chinese, and mainland Chinese cohorts were enrolled. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images of the anterior chamber were acquired. Qualitative classification of iris insertion into basal, middle, and apical categories was performed. Proportions of each type of insertion were compared among racial groups. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out adjusting for potential confounders., Results: data from 117, 129, and 112 subjects were available for american caucasian, american chinese, and mainland chinese subjects, respectively. The most common type of iris insertion in the superior quadrant was basal insertion in both ethnic Chinese and Caucasians. In the inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants, chinese showed significantly higher proportions of nonbasal insertion (P = 0.048, P 0.0001, P 0.0001, respectively). After adjusting for confounders, nonbasal insertion was significantly associated with Chinese ethnicity in nasal and temporal quadrants (nasal, OR: 3.1, temporal, OR: 4.8). Increasing proportions of nonbasal insertion were found with advancing age in both Chinese and Caucasians., Conclusions: Chinese have significantly higher proportions of nonbasal iris insertion in the nasal and temporal quadrants when compared with Caucasians, even after adjusting for ASOCT-measured anterior segment biometry and iris characteristics. Longitudinal studies in patients who have PAC/PACG are needed to fully elucidate the relationship between iris insertion and angle closure development.

Introduction: The international literature seldom refers to eye measurements of the black African patient. Therefore, the various patterns where biometry elements are used as constituents deserve reconsideration as they may not correspond to the eye of the black patient of our region. This study provides true measurements for the black African patient in Ivory Coast. It also establishes hypotheses by extrapolating the role of measurements in pathologies such as glaucoma., Material: and method: The study included 325 eyes of 217 male and female patients. All the patients underwent ocular keratometrics and echo biometrics to measure the depth of the anterior chamber, the width of the lens, and the total axial length with the ultrascan biometer using the contact method in A echometrics., Results: The mean keratometry in women was significantly higher than in men (43.99 +/- 1.62 diopters vs 43.46 +/- 1.45 diopters). The anterior chamber was deeper in men (2.69 mm +/- 0.54 vs 2.53 mm +/- 0.48). The men's eyes were significantly longer, with an axial length of 23.26 mm +/- 1.07 vs 22.56 mm +/- 0.90., Conclusion: Significant biometric differences between men's and women's eyes, on the one hand, and between black African and white patients' eyes, on the other hand, can be observed. The reasons for these differences are several: they are natural, socioeconomic, and technical. If standard implant of a different power for black and white patients can be imagined, can we also infer that the biometrics of a black African patient predisposes him to a disorder such as glaucoma more than a white patient? Further in-depth studies could provide an answer to this question.