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Much of the research on the effectiveness of written corrective feedback (WCF) scope and strategies has been (quasi-)experimental, generating results peripherally related to authentic classroom contexts. Underpinned by a multidimensional conceptual framework of student engagement with WCF, this classroombased study has explored the scope and strategies used by the teacher regarding WCF. It also investigated how two ESL university students behaviorally, cognitively, and affectively engaged with the scope and strategies of computer-mediated teacher WCF to improve the accuracy of the second draft of the introduction and methodology sections of their research proposal. Data from multiple sources, including students' written texts, screencasts that captured students' revision process, stimulated recall, and semi-structured interviews were analyzed. The findings revealed that the scope of computer-mediated teacher WCF was comprehensive, and the most frequently employed feedback strategy was direct WCF, often accompanied by metalinguistic explanation. Behaviorally, the students improved their drafts' accuracy based on such feedback; however, their cognitive engagement was mediocre. Although affectively the students often experienced positive reactions toward feedback strategies, they felt overwhelmed by a large number of comments.

The goals of the researchers who conducted this study were to explore South Asian young adults' (N = 30) perceptions of gender roles and intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention in South Asian communities in the United States. Three distinct themes (a) gender role socialization and expectations, (b) gender role expression/negotiation within own intimate relationship, family, and own community, and (c) IPV prevention were identified. Important implications include how socialization and acculturation processes, immigration, and other factors influence South Asian young adults' perceptions of IPV in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The current study based on the Stress Process Model investigated the impact of experiences of domestic violence on mental health as well as resilience against negative mental health outcomes among older adults in U.S. during COVID-19. Method: Participants included 522 older adults (ages 51–80 and older) living in US at the time of the survey. Path analysis using Mplus was employed. Results: The experience of domestic violence among older adults during the pandemic was positively associated with loneliness and anxiety directly and indirectly. However, resilience acted as a protective factor between the experiences of domestic violence and anxiety. Conclusion: The experience of domestic violence may increase loneliness and anxiety among older adults during challenging times; however, resilience may weaken these negative psychological outcomes both directly and indirectly. Findings and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of attention to rural healthcare for livestock in the southeastern United States has led to a focus on small ruminant farming, mainly using sericea lespedeza [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours) G. Don], a drought-resistant forage species with nutraceutical benefits. Climate change has increased land availability for SL cultivation, further expanding the potential of this bioactive (anti-parasitic) legume. This study aims to create a geospatial engineering and technology-assisted model for identifying suitable SL production areas for supporting profitable small ruminant farming. The cultivation of SL depends on specific weather conditions and soil properties, with minimum requirements for temperature and rainfall, non-clay soil with reduced bulk density, and open land cover. The main objective was to develop an automated geospatial model using ArcGIS Pro ModelBuilder to assess SL production suitability. This model also aimed to identify appropriate locations for small ruminant production in Georgia in the southeastern United States, characterized by increasing temperature fluctuations. A web-based geographic information system (webGIS) platform was developed using the ArcGIS Online dashboard interface, allowing agriculturalists to access decision support for SL production suitability tailored to their land. This forage production suitability analysis, conducted in the context of climate change, offers valuable guidance for pasture managers in other nations with similar environmental attributes, promoting global adaptability and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 40% of the incarcerated population in the world are reported to suffer from a mental health condition. People in correctional settings are subjected to multiple psychosocial adversities which negatively affect their mental health. Moreover, people with mental illness are at higher risk for abuse and exploitation within the criminal justice system. The prison populations of the United States (US) and India are among the highest, among both high-income and low-middle-income countries, respectively. In this article, we aim to describe the existing prison mental health services in the US and India and discuss their challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rat bite fever (RBF) is a rare systemic febrile illness transmitted by rats. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a pleomorphic Gram-negative bacillus which is the usual etiologic organism for rat bite fever in the United States.Case Presentation: Here we present a case of rat bite fever complicated by vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis. The patient revealed an exposure history of being bitten by pet rats. The patient's symptoms dramatically improved with a six-week course of cephalexin therapy.Conclusions: It is important to obtain a thorough zoonotic exposure history and maintain rat bite fever in the differential when considering potential causes of discitis and osteomyelitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It takes an inordinate amount of resiliency for South Asian (SA) immigrant women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV)/domestic violence (DV) to seek outside help. The purpose of authors of this study is to understand the process/pathways used by abused SA women to seek formal sources of help. A convenience sample of adult SA women (N = 9), who were survivors of IPV was recruited from a SA women's organization located in a large Southwestern metropolitan area in the United States. In-depth interviews were conducted and analyzed resulting in five themes. Despite seeking help, participants experienced barriers in accessing formal help and leaving an abusive relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems associated with alcohol use are well-documented among traditional 4-year college students, but less is known about community college students' alcohol use. The few published articles that have investigated alcohol consumption among community college students suggest that risky alcohol consumption is a concern. Online alcohol-related risk reduction programs may be well-suited to community college campuses, due to reduced cost and labour effort, as well as increased accessibility for students. The aim of the current study was to test the efficacy of an online intervention designed to reduce risks associated with alcohol use among community college students. Three hundred and nineteen community college students were randomised to one of two treatment conditions: reviewing the online alcohol-related risk reduction program or reviewing online educational newsletters. Generalised linear mixed models were conducted, testing for mean differences between conditions over time on each outcome (primary analyses: alcohol and other drug use, protective behaviours and consequences of substance use). Exploratory analyses for moderating effects of covariates and user engagement were also conducted. Twelve months after the intervention, students who reviewed the online intervention reported a reduction in the maximum number of drinks consumed on one occasion within the past week and a greater reduction in total drinks consumed within the past week, as compared to students who received educational e-newsletters. Online alcohol-related risk reduction programs for students beginning community college may offer a practical and effective way to reduce alcohol consumption, and may have the potential to increase the wellbeing of a largely underserved population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day, thousands of people in the United States receive polycyclic antide-pressants (PCAs) prescribed by their primary care physicians. We have examined the cardiovascular manifestations of polycydlic antidepressants in 14 patients with primary depression receiving various antidepressant drugs for a period of six months or more. None had suffered from any systemic illness. All 14 received a commonly prescribed PCA, such as doxepin, amitriptyline, imipramine, desipramine or amoxapine, in therapeutic doses. None developed any significant adverse reaction. Left ventricular function, as determined by M-mode echocardiogram, was within normal limit in all patients. A twenty-four-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram revealed rare supraventricular ectopic beats in S patients and ventricular ectopic activity (Lown grade 1) in 4 patients. In 1 patient, who received additional lithium carbonate for treatment of depression, both supraventricular and ventricular ectopic activity developed on rare occasions. In 4 of the 8 patients the plasma concentration of PCA was optimal or near optimal, and in 4 of the S patients it was subtherapeutic (even though these 4 patients had shown clinical improvement with continued polycycic therapy). It appears from the present data that antidepressant therapy with PCA.S prescribed in therapeutic doses was well tolerated, without any significant adverse cardiovascular reaction, in otherwise healthy young patients with primary depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost a decade after the end of Cold War, South Asia, a 'strategic backwater 'for policy-makers in the United States emerged as an important arena of US Foreign Policy concerns. It was but natural that India, the most important power in South Asia, should surface as a 'crucial player ' and 'natural partner ' of the US Administration. In recognisation of India's increasing global stature and economic growth here was a rethinking among US policy -- makers on the need for greater engagement with India. This paper identifies some enduring dynamics of the relationship and sources of change, emerging opportunities and remaining constraints. It will also highlight how and why US policy makers view India as a long- term and reliable partner in a region plagued by terrorism and consequent instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the sociocultural factors associated with help-seeking behaviors of South Asian women's expiring domestic violence in the U.S. using survey methodology and logistic regression analysis, and mentions development of intervention programs for addressing the same.

The article discusses the neoplasms of the skin of cultures fish which are uncommon. It says that haemangiomas are vascular endothelial cells tumour which has been described in human organs and tissues. It mentions the reported occurrences of cavernous haemangiomas, capilary, and haemangioendotheliomas in fish from the U.S. It adds that haemangiomas are microscopically characterized by proliferating tissue forming capillary and cavernous vessels and venous structures.

This study examined the extent of domestic violence and sociocultural factors (isolation, social support, acculturation, and patriarchy) associated with domestic violence among a community sample of 215 women of South Asian origin in the U.S. The sample is the largest to date in a study of domestic violence among South Asian women. Both paper and Web surveys were used. Of the sample, 38 % experienced some form of abuse in the past year. Isolation from spouse/partner and perceived social support predicted abuse. This information is vital in developing effective and culturally appropriate intervention methods for South Asian women victims of domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article first presents the challenges involved in constructing consistent, timely, and reliable short-term measures of national, regional, and global industry activity. The chemical industry is used as a case study. Second, this article presents the comparison of the movement or fluctuations in industrial production indices and chemical production indices that aid in determining if production in the chemical industry can be used as a proxy for total production in an economy. The American Chemistry Council publishes chemical production regional indices for 33 key nations, regions, and subregions, all aggregated to the world total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, US policy towards Iran’s nuclear ambition has become one of the most contested and hotly debated issues in the US and elsewhere. As the Bush administration ended with little tangible success in addressing the proliferation concerns involving Iran, the issue has come to hunt the Obama administration as well. The American strategic community largely agrees that Iran has the ambition to acquire nuclear weapon status and thus the debate revolves around how best to respond to it. Vigorous arguments have been paraded to assess the cost and benefits of a US pre-emptive strike against Iran’s nuclear installations. Similar and equally vital deliberations abound in the strategic circles with respect to the option of an Israeli strike and its implication for US foreign policy. The article attempts to analyse this dynamic American debate at a critical juncture as President Obama, previously seen as the anti-thesis of the Bush era, seems to be facing the same sort of constraints that his predecessor was up against, while searching for a sound policy to deal with the Iranian conundrum. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recently reported results from latest Mars Orbiters and Rovers missions are transforming our opinion about the red planet. That dry and inhospitable planet reported in the past is becoming a wetter planet with high probabilities of water existence in the past. Nowadays, some results seem to indicate the presence of water beneath the Mars surface. But also mineralogy studies by NASA Opportunity Rover report iron oxides and hydroxides precipitates on Endurance Crater. Sedimentary deposits have been identified at Meridiani Planum. These deposits must have generated in a dune aqueous acidic and oxidizing environment. Similarities appear when we study Rio Tinto, and acidic river under the control of iron.The discovery of extremophiles on Earth widened the window of possibilities for life to develop in the Universe, and as a consequence on Mars and other planetary bodies with astrobiological interest. The compilation of data produced by the ongoing missions offers an interested view for life possibilities to exist: signs of an early wet Mars and rather recent volcanic activity as well as ground morphological characteristics that seem to be promoted by liquid water. The discovery of important accumulations of sulfates and the existence of iron minerals such as jarosite in rocks of sedimentary origin has allowed specific terrestrial models to come into focus. Río Tinto (Southwestern Spain, Iberian Pyritic Belt) is an extreme acidic environment, product of the chemolithotrophic activity of micro-organisms that thrive in the massive pyrite-rich deposits of the Iberian Pyritic Belt. Some particular protective environments should house the organic molecules and bacterial life forms in harsh environments such as Mars surface supporting microniches inside precipitated minerals or inside rocks. Terrestrial analogues could help us to afford the comprehension of habitability (on other planetary bodies).We are reporting here the multidisciplinary study of some endolithic niches inside salt deposits used by phototrophs for taking advantage of sheltering particular light wavelengths. These acidic salts deposits located in Río Tinto shelter life forms that are difficult to visualize by eye. This interdisciplinary field analogue campaign was conducted in the framework of the CAREX FP7 EC programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the AfPak strategy and implications from an Indian perspective. The strategy that mainly aimed at peace and stability in one of the most trouble-torn regions of the world further got bolstered with the US announcement for a surge in troops in the AfPak region recently. The article argues that however noble the intentions behind the strategy may be, it will be a difficult task to accomplish the desired goals primarily owing to the multilayered complexity of the problem and also due to conflicting interests pursued by the parties involved in the politics of the region. For the success of the strategy, the article argues, it is necessary to widen the collaborative format in the region with the simultaneous move to win the confidence of the people and to establish a stable democratic regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the effects of water and air pollution control legislation in the United States upon the market risk of the firms in the most directly affected industries during the period 1953 to 1975. Increase in the business and financial risks of affected firms; Uncertainty faced by firms with regard to the enforcement of and compliance with the laws' Costs and risks associated with pollution control legislation.

Based on the rules of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States, there is a problem when FM radio stations are situated nearby and transmit on channels when they are satisfactorily far separated. The difficulty of taking an optimal assignment of channels for a particular set of radio stations according to some given limitations on the distances among the stations as well as other factors are referred to as the Channel Assignment Problem. That problem has been designed mathematically in different ways. In this problem, it is managed by the introduction of radio k-colourings of graphs for assignment of frequency in radio stations. Depending on radio distances, radio fuzzy graphs have been defined. Complete radio fuzzy graphs, cyclic radio fuzzy graphs, and star radio fuzzy graphs are introduced, and several properties have been proved. Based on these theories, a survey on Kolkata (India) radio stations has been verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foodborne disease is an increasing concern in the U.S. and has been linked to costs of millions of dollars annually. Among a large body of literature, the farm-to-table study has been recognized for its comprehensive and risk-based examination of pathogen contamination and social costs. Yet, what less examined is the issues pertaining to the lack of data and its substantial impact on simulation results. The objective of this study is to explore data gaps in current farm-to-table studies and assess their impact on the efficacy of the model. We identified some deficiencies of significant influence, including disconnects in data flows, disparities in input distributions, uncertainty in dose response relationships, and lack of knowledge in antibiotic resistance. Using an established model, we examined the impacts of the data gaps on risk assessments and outcomes. The findings indicate that data gaps along the current meat supply chain could significantly shape the farm-to-table model and its outcome estimates. The discussion has important implications for the on-going work of updating the regulations of the Food Safety Modernization Act in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Current guidelines recommend antithrombotic prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) using risk assessment, factoring contraindications. This report represents a summary of current practice patterns to prevent VTE in long term care as Phase 1 of a 3-phase educational intervention study. Phase 1 Participants: Participants were 376 new admissions/readmissions (77 ± 12 [SD] years; 67% female) from 17 geographically diverse long term care facilities (3260 total beds). Measurements: The process describes current VTE prophylaxis (VTE-P) practices; a companion article describes the educational intervention (Phase 2) and outcome (Phase 3). Phase 1 data were collected on use of nonpharmacological measures and antithrombotic drugs for VTE-P between July and September 2009. Results: Indications for VTE-P were evident in 85% of new admissions, of which two-thirds received VTE-P. Contraindications for anticoagulation were observed in 54.8% of admissions, including quality of life or patient/caregiver wishes. Logistic regression analysis predicted no relationship between any indication for or any contraindication to VTE-P and use of VTE-P, suggesting an inadequate understanding of current clinical practice guidelines. Conclusions: Residents of long term care have significant comorbidity that poses risk for VTE; although many received VTE-P, contraindications were common, warranting individualized considerations. The likelihood of VTE-P was greatest following orthopedic surgery, severe trauma, and medical illness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]