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Gender differences in science and engineering (S&E) have been studied in various countries. Most of these studies find that women are underrepresented in the S&E workforce and publish less than their male peers. The factors that contribute to gender differences in experience and performance in S&E careers can vary from one country to another, yet they remain underexplored. This paper is among the first to systematically compare gender differences in the publication productivity of academic scientists and engineers with doctoral degrees in the U.S. and China. Findings from negative binomial regressions show that women publish less than their male counterparts in science but not in engineering in the U.S. In China, women do not differ from men in publication productivity in science but publish more than their male counterparts in engineering. In addition, we find that some background variables affect men's and women's publication productivity differently. The findings are analyzed in the context of the different cultures of the two fields (science vs. engineering) and of the two countries (the U.S. and China). Limitations and policy implications are also discussed.

Gender differences in science and engineering (S&E) have been studied in various countries. Most of these studies find that women are underrepresented in the S&E workforce and publish less than their male peers. The factors that contribute to gender differences in experience and performance in S&E careers can vary from one country to another, yet they remain underexplored. This paper is among the first to systematically compare gender differences in the publication productivity of academic scientists and engineers with doctoral degrees in the U.S. and China. Findings from negative binomial regressions show that women publish less than their male counterparts in science but not in engineering in the U.S. In China, women do not differ from men in publication productivity in science but publish more than their male counterparts in engineering. In addition, we find that some background variables affect men's and women's publication productivity differently. The findings are analyzed in the context of the different cultures of the two fields (science vs. engineering) and of the two countries (the U.S. and China). Limitations and policy implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the anti-American sentiment of people in China. Manifestations of Chinese frustration with the United States (U.S.); Americanization of the Chinese population; Factors influencing Chinese perceptions of the U.S.; Foreign policy disputes between the U.S. and China; Implications of the resentment of the Chinese people for the U.S. government.

Discusses key issues concerning Taiwan's cross-strait relations with China in the 2000s. Key features of Taiwanese foreign policies towards China; Analysis of pertinent topics and relevant issues; Implications on studies of American foreign policy interests.

Discusses the status of the foreign relations between China and the United States (U.S.) as of November 1999. Bases for Chinese to hate the U.S.; Why do attitudes in China view the Americans as contradictions; Details on the ambivalence of China toward the U.S.

Comments on the political posturing demonstrated by the Committee of 100, an organization composed of prominent Chinese Americans. Criticism of the organization on a report by the U.S.-China Security Review Commission on China; Threat posed by China to U.S. national security; History of the committee of being outraged with the U.S. government.

Objectives: An updated epidemiological analysis of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), the change of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and patterns of initial treatment are of interest., Design: A retrospective study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database., Setting and Participants: A total of 5625 patients with GIST diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were identified., Primary Outcome Measures: Age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and annual prevalence rate were calculated. SEER combined stage, period CSS rate and initial treatment were summarised. All the data were calculated by SEER*Stat software., Results: From 2010 to 2019, the ASIR of GIST increased from 0.79 to 1.02 per 100 000 person-years, with an increase of 2.4% annually. The increase was across age and sex subgroups. The prevalence trend was similar with the ASIR trend in each subgroup. The stage distributions were similar between different age groups, but varied among different primary tumour sites. More importantly, a stage shift from regional stage to localized stage at diagnosis was found, which may result in the improvement of CSS over years. Overall, the 5-year CSS rate of GIST was approximately 81.3%. Even for metastatic GIST, the rate exceeded 50%. Surgery was the most common treatment regimen for GIST, followed by surgery and systemic treatment. Whereas approximately 7.0% patients were undertreated, which was more pronounced among patients with distant and unknown stages., Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest an improving early detection of GIST and an improving ability of accurate staging. Though most patients are effectively treated and perform good survivals, approximate 7.0% patients may be undertreated., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

To facilitate scientific collaboration on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) research, we created an extensive PRS online repository for 35 common cancer traits integrating freely available genome-wide association studies (GWASs) summary statistics from three sources: published GWASs, the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog, and UK Biobank-based GWASs. Our framework condenses these summary statistics into PRSs using various approaches such as linkage disequilibrium pruning/p value thresholding (fixed or data-adaptively optimized thresholds) and penalized, genome-wide effect size weighting. We evaluated the PRSs in two biobanks: the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI), a longitudinal biorepository effort at Michigan Medicine, and the population-based UK Biobank (UKB). For each PRS construct, we provide measures on predictive performance and discrimination. Besides PRS evaluation, the Cancer-PRSweb platform features construct downloads and phenome-wide PRS association study results (PRS-PheWAS) for predictive PRSs. We expect this integrated platform to accelerate PRS-related cancer research., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: A real-time electronic predictive model that identifies hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients at high risk for readmission or death may be valuable to clinicians and hospitals who care for these patients., Methods: An automated predictive model for 30-day readmission and death was derived and validated from clinical and nonclinical risk factors present on admission in 1372 HF hospitalizations to a major urban hospital between January 2007 and August 2008. Data were extracted from an electronic medical record. The performance of the electronic model was compared with mortality and readmission models developed by the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS models) and a HF mortality model derived from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Registry (ADHERE model)., Results: The 30-day mortality and readmission rates were 3.1% and 24.1% respectively. The electronic model demonstrated good discrimination for 30 day mortality (C statistic 0.86) and readmission (C statistic 0.72) and performed as well, or better than, the ADHERE model and CMS models for both outcomes (C statistic ranges: 0.72-0.73 and 0.56-0.66 for mortality and readmissions respectively; P < 0.05 in all comparisons). Markers of social instability and lower socioeconomic status improved readmission prediction in the electronic model (C statistic 0.72 vs. 0.61, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Clinical and social factors available within hours of hospital presentation and extractable from an EMR predicted mortality and readmission at 30 days. Incorporating complex social factors increased the model's accuracy, suggesting that such factors could enhance risk adjustment models designed to compare hospital readmission rates.