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Prior research has shown that conservatives report higher levels of subjective well-being than liberals ( happiness gap ). We investigate to what extent this phenomenon exists in different time periods within the United States (Study 1, N = 40,000) and in different countries (Study 2, N = 230,000). Consistent with our hypotheses grounded in the “shared reality” and person-culture fit literature, conservatives were happier and more satisfied with their lives than liberals to the extent that the conservative political ideology prevailed in their socio-cultural context, be it a specific time period in the U.S. or a specific country. These results show that the happiness gap between conservatives and liberals is less universal than previously assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the effort of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) to promote orthopaedic fellowships for all orthopaedic surgery residents in the U.S. It highlights the history of the fellowship match process within a formalized orthopaedic fellowship. It cites the nine charges of the committee including establish, promote, and monitor, serve as the match information and troubleshoot difficulties of development.

The article discusses the global climate problem and climate politics as practiced in the U.S. and the European Union and their respective legislative packages on climate change to move to a society no longer powered by fossil fuels. Twenty-first century initiatives such as Europe's 2008 Energy-Climate Package are reviewed and compared with provisions of the American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES).

Major life events can lead to depression in adulthood. However, as predicted by several depression theories, not only the mere occurrence of major life events but also the way people perceive them determines the onset of a depression. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 276 studies (N total = 89,600) that examined the relationship between the perception of major life events and depression. We provide an overview of how this relationship has been examined. Furthermore, we meta-analytically integrated 420 effect sizes (172 studies) on the association between the perception of major life events and depression. Most studies relied on college student samples, were cross-sectional, and were conducted in the United States. A more negative perception of events was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (r = 0.28). This association was robust across several design and sample characteristics. Furthermore, the perception of major life events and depression were also longitudinally associated with each other (event perception predicting later depressive symptoms: r = 0.26; depressive symptoms predicting later event perception: r = 0.17). Longitudinal research on the relationship between depression and the perception of major life events was relatively rare impairing definite conclusions on whether the perception of life events can predict changes in depressive symptoms over time. The perception of major life events is related to depression. However, further longitudinal research considering a range of different perceived event characteristics and using non-Western heterogeneous samples is needed to better understand their relationship. • Meta-analyses of 420 effect sizes from 172 studies • A more maladaptive event perception is related to depression. • Significant reciprocal prospective associations between these constructs • Further longitudinal research using non-student samples needed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]