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For decades, academic freedom and shared governance have stood as cornerstones of higher education in the United States, but these principles face unprecedented challenges. Recent developments point to a disturbing decline in these critical values, stirring debates on the future viability of the higher education system. This study delves into the problematic trajectory of modern higher education, spotlighting the rise of corporate practices within academic institutions, the swelling ranks of university administration, and the disproportionate weight given to student evaluations in assessing faculty. These factors have converged to push academia into an unstable transition, a liminal phase fueled by external and internal forces. This study examines the evolving landscape of academic freedom within the corporatized university model. Utilizing the concept of liminality, it explores the transitional challenges faced by academia in balancing traditional scholarly values with emerging market-driven paradigms, arguing that the corporatization of universities represents a liminal phase, wherein the identity and purpose of academic institutions are in flux, significantly impacting the notion of academic freedom. The shift toward a consumer-oriented ethos endangers the foundational principles of higher education, risking substituting educational substance with the mere transaction of educational services. The study concludes by issuing a call to action for all stakeholders in higher education to acknowledge and confront these detrimental trends, thereby safeguarding the principles of academic freedom, shared governance, and the educational system's overall integrity and dynamism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses alchemical metaphor to examine the psychological challenges United States military veterans face as they attempt to reintegrate into civilian society. The arc of the research tracks a military member's progression from Basic Training to the transition back into civilian life. In particular, it pinpoints the psychological harm inflicted by the military's collective consciousness on the individual psyche. Examining the process of military training from the perspective of a Jungian understanding of the psychological stages of alchemy, the paper illuminates a process that presents each military member with profound difficulties related to identity, the ability to engage in a vibrant relationship with the Self, and the ability to reenter civilian life. In conclusion, it highlights the need for civilians, elected officials, and the mental healthcare community to help military veterans address the psychological pain of their service through practices that support their adjustment to civilian life from a holistic perspective that includes image, soul, and conscious connection fostered between the ego and archetypal forces that animate human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic department chairs. Through a survey of 172 department chairs in the United States, the central findings of this research—intensified challenges, a multidirectional leadership pivot, and competing perceptions of higher education reinvention—reinforce the liminality of the academic chairperson role, highlight the need for increased training and development opportunities for individuals engaged in this work, and offer a reminder of ensuring that the broader perspectives of department chairs are included in efforts to reinvent institutions of higher education. These findings depict crisis leadership as a required competency for academic leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates autobiographical public narratives of people who are, and were, incarcerated during different regimes of injustices in the United States—from the civil rights era to the current era of mass incarceration. People make sense of their experiences with race and racism through time, from a present standpoint of incarceration or freedom, in retrospect via proximate and distant memories of injustices, and toward a vision of the future. I juxtapose mainstream autobiographies from Malcolm X to Shaka Senghor with public blog posts from individuals incarcerated who provide autobiographical accounts to the world. I find that generations of incarcerated people who came of age during the height of the War on Drugs of the 1980s and 1990s project a narrative of a neoliberal subject who has a more individualistic and de-racialized idea of transforming their moral self and community. This contradicts with the way they portray prison as being a conduit for creating communities of racial solidarity and racial consciousness. Highly influenced and inspired by other narratives of radical prisoners of conscience of the 1960s and 1970s who were prone to view their liberation, and of the Black community, through vanquishing White supremacy, the new generation speaks to the color-blind narratives that pervade mainstream society and possible in narrative interventions correctional program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent events surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed deeply embedded structural inequities within the United States, triggering national dialogues around institutional racism, carcerality, and the logic of neoliberalism. While our reckoning with these structures continues to unfold and remix in unpredictable ways, we offer a theoretical lens for understanding this moment. Using the concept of liminality, we argue that a long revolution has been activated through a state of suspended order; specifically, with our routines disrupted to mitigate fallout from COVID-19, we have been afforded limited space for recognizing these structures and the linkages among them. Here, we engage with carceral capitalism to make sense of present conditions. As we move through the long durée, forging new structures and patterns, it is crucial to remember that which we must abandon: the systems and tools of subjugation that remain inconsistent with how we live and, more importantly, how we want to live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chair position is essential for implementing progressive changes in higher education institutions. However, the position has been unattractive to many faculties due to its ambiguity and the limited training chairs receive prior to assuming the office. Chairs must balance the dual responsibilities of managing faculty and student affairs who they support and evaluate as they implement the mandates from higher administration. Similarly, they shuttle between their managerial roles and faculty roles while balancing work-life demands. Hence, the purpose of this paper was to explore the managerial approaches of chairs in the USA who were serving in departments in the field of educational leadership to learn how they balance their various responsibilities. Fifteen chairs who are members of the University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA) were interviewed for this study. The theory of liminality was used to understand how chairs serve and manage multiple dimensions of their role and beyond. Overall, the performance of chairs in the study was enhanced by four themes including (a) managing the molecule, (b) people work vs. paperwork, (c) leadership qualities enhance performance, and (d) possessing academic seniority. Based on the findings, we recommend three major support areas for chairs that include providing mentorship opportunities for chairs, advancing leadership role models for chairs, and initiating formal trainings for leadership development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexican women constitute an increasing proportion of labor migrants to the United States. They are segregated into a handful of low-wage occupations, disadvantaged by global economic forces and the social construction of gender within employment relations. Drawing on ethnographic research from Maryland's Eastern Shore, I explore experiences of everyday injury, disability, and instability among Mexican migrant women who work in the commercial crab processing industry, which is increasingly dependent on the H-2B visa program to fill seasonal, non-agricultural jobs. By focusing on the daily lives of Mexican migrant women who are part of this labor force, their health and social needs, and the gendered dimensions of labor migration, I document how temporary work programs institutionalize liminality as permanent mode of being. I suggest that migrant women, amid the extraordinary uncertainty brought about by the processes of recurrent migration, reorient and recalibrate themselves through modes of conduct to make life more ordinary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a marked difference between the suicide rates and trends in the U.S. versus Italy, with Italy having lower rates and a downward trend. It is hypothesized this suicide decrease may be explained in terms of an anthropological-based theory that a period of liminality and resulting communitas occurred. During research conducted in Italy, I interviewed four mental health practitioners, toured medical facil-ities, attended educational lectures and took various history related tours. I have chosen to undertake a qualitative approach with literature searches on suicide and related phenomena in both the U.S. and Italy. Combined with semi-structured interviews and first-hand observations, information on the "why" reveals disparity between the two countries. More structured studies of this nature must occur to ad-dress the epidemic of suicide in the U.S. and to validate the success of practices outside the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the lives of undocumented people have become increasingly precarious due to increased surveillance, enforcement, criminalization, and detention. In this context, deferred action, a form of prosecutorial discretion in which the government declines to pursue removal and provides temporary work authorization, has become a source of both hope and vulnerability. Based on fieldwork, interviews, and legal analysis, we delineate the forms of partial inclusion experienced by deferred action recipients and explore the position from which they can make claims on the US state. Our analysis advances citizenship theory by detailing the relationship between thediscretionary stateand itstransitory, noncitizen subjects, as well as how this relationship is complicated by resistance from youth activists and their allies. The liminal legality afforded by deferred action provides partial but insecure relief from the precarity experienced by the undocumented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) represent the fastest-growing racial category in the U.S., largely due to its increasing immigration from the Asia-Pacific region (AAJC 2015). Of the 10.9 million undocumented immigrants residing in the U.S., 14% (1.5 million) are from Asia (Migration Policy Institute 2014). In response to immigrant youth organizing, President Barack Obama initiated the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program in 2012, which offers temporary relief from deportation to approximately 2 million undocumented childhood arrivals (Ibid). Yet, the unique perspectives of AAPI youth have gone unheard, and their political activities have been rendered invisible in public discourse on undocu/DACAmented youth in the immigrant rights movement. This study aims to capture political identity formation through what I coin "dual liminality" that leads to political participation for undocu/DACAmented AAPI youth. It considers how their status as undocumented or DACA, as being marginalized from both mainstream and co-ethnic claims to belonging, helped them form a collective political identity and engage in political activities. The use of strategic storytelling (Polletta 2006) throughout the process of their political development also led to their return to organize co-ethnic communities against internalized stereotypes of both "Model Minority" and "Yellow Peril". This study involves 12 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with politically active AAPI, ages 20-26, from four major cities on the East Coast, conducted between 2014 and 2015. The interviews demonstrate how these youths' choices to reveal their status shape their collective identity formation that leads to their political engagement. Through strategic storytelling, they use their dual liminality to shape their narrative framing in both the immigrant rights and in AAPI communities, enhancing their political participation across inter-racial boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study grounds 45 interviews with media scholars in liminality theory and analyzes how scholars use social media as they transition to combined offline and online communication. Scholars employ highly personal strategies to decide if and how to integrate social media into their professional lives for peer and public communication. Scholars struggle with a double bind of needing to be social media savvy while worrying about career consequences of posting publicly. Few best practices exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the lived experience of Iranian students upon arrival at American airports. By using two concepts ofliminalityandaccountability,I examine how Iranian students walk the gauntlet of US airports, and study the influences of the treatment they receive at airports on their perceptions of the US. Empirically, I draw on 15 in-depth qualitative interviews with eight Iranian students at a Southern university in the US. The paper posits that multiple layers of liminality surface and intensify in airports as a threshold where international travelers can see both ways, behind and before them, while belonging to neither one. The requirement to be an ‘accountable other’ adds up to the contingencies of the situation. Theoretically, this paper puts the politics of mobility in the colonial context and claims that legal recognition will not result in integration when negative discourses around the civilizational other regards their mobility as a threat and challenges their social recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pivotal to the transition into adulthood is sexual maturation, an inescapable rite of passage which this article investigates across a range of contemporary American media. Beginning in the 1980s through the turn of the twenty-first century, the works in this archive tend to represent the increasingly politicized, stigmatized adolescent body as a conflict zone, a liminal precinct in which sex, illness and death often intersect to traumatic and Gothic effect. They consist of culturally influential 'indie' narratives that bridge the gap or, at times, blur the line between the mainstream and cult subculture. Starting from Victor Turner's seminal work on the adolescent's passage into adulthood, I place the concept of liminality side by side with the cultural imagination of the frontier. The sex and death dichotomy that characterizes adolescent sexuality shares with the fundamental trope of the frontier a wide array of Gothic connotations. Pre-existing scholarship on Gothic teen studies has yet to extrapolate on the portrayals of sickly teen bodies that run rampant in Gothic works. To append this missing link, I discuss Freudian drives, Susan Sontag's illness metaphors, and Priscilla Wald's readings of contagion narratives to lay the groundwork for the connection between sex, illness and cultural anxieties that these late-century narratives communicate. Indeed, I understand contemporary Gothic along the lines of Catherine Spooner, who quipped in her 2006 monograph that '[l]ike a malevolent virus, Gothic narratives have [...] spread across disciplinary boundaries to infect all kinds of media...' (2006: 8). I consider sick teen bodies across a variety of works under two main headings: first, those that rely heavily on anaesthetized imagery to evoke the Gothic. Beginning with 2015's genre-bending It Follows (Mitchell), I work backwards to trace its clear-cut intertext - The Virgin Suicides (Coppola, 1993), a teen dream-turned-nightmare likewise set in suburban Detroit. The second heading explores decidedly more violent works, among them the graphic novel Black Hole and the horror film Ginger Snaps (Fawcett, 2000), which juxtapose adolescence and supernatural monstrosities that act as carriers of disease. The female is often at the centre of the narratives at hand, and though these works explore the world of minors, rarely, problematically are 'minority' bodies represented. Common to these works are stigmatized figures who fight for individual expression yet often fail to emerge from the adolescent stage as autonomous adults, due either to their unwillingness to conform to mainstream culture or the failure of this culture to integrate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the door for human civilization cannot be overstated. In various cultures, the door has been a central technology for negotiating the distinction between inside and outside, private and public, and profane and sacred. By tracing the material and symbolic significance of the door in American Fourth Amendment case law, this article illuminates the vitality of matter for law’s everyday practices. In particular, it highlights how various door configurations affect the level of constitutional protections granted to those situated on the inside of the door and the important role of vision for establishing legal expectations of privacy. Eventually, I suggest that we might be witnessing the twilight of the “physical door” era and the beginning of a “virtual door” era in Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. As recent physical and technological changes present increasingly sophisticated challenges to the distinctions between inside and outside, private and public, and prohibited and accepted visions, the Supreme Court will need to carefully articulate what is worth protecting on the other side of the door. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early twentieth century, the United States developed an integrated, continental deportation network based on rail travel. This new state apparatus would enable the restrictionists’ dream of immigration control and speed the elimination of those they deemed unfit for American life. It set a template for mass removal that would expand in the century to come. Scholars of immigrant detention and removal commonly employ Victor Turner’s concept of liminality to understand migrant experiences, but this paper suggests the need for an expanded theorization of the liminal as manifold rather than singular. Drawing on deportee case files and literature from the early twentieth century, this paper explores the complex, variegated and painful liminalities of the deportation journey. It argues that power affected deportees’ experience of space and time across different liminal zones and interprets the embodied catastrophe of deportation for migrant communities. If traumatic experiences reconfigure the meaning of time into a ‘before’ and ‘after’, deportation was an ongoing catastrophe that offered little sense of completion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As global migration increases worldwide, nursing interventions are needed to address the effects of migration on health. The concept of liminality emerged as a pivotal concept in the situation-specific theory of well-being in refugee women experiencing cultural transition. As a relatively new concept in the discipline of nursing, liminality is explored using a method, called ID-EA, which we developed to advance a theoretical concept for application to nursing practice. Liminality in the context of cultural transition is further developed using the five steps of inquiry of the ID-EA method. The five steps are as follows: (1) inductive inquiry: qualitative research, (2) deductive inquiry: literature review, (3) synthesis of inductive and deductive inquiry, (4) evaluation inquiry, and (5) application-to-practice inquiry. The overall goal of this particular work was to develop situation-specific, theory-based interventions that facilitate cultural transitions for immigrants and refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrant rights have become increasingly contentious and partisan issues in the United States, and especially within the U.S. healthcare system. It is particularly essential to pay attention to Latinx immigrants-the largest immigrant and uninsured population in the United States. Latinx immigrants face many structural and legal challenges that may impact their biomedical healthcare access and treatment, creating a state of liminality or in-betweenness, especially when managing a chronic illness such as diabetes, hypertension, or arthritis. Using qualitative methods at a free healthcare clinic in Central Texas, the study reveals how the chronic illness narrative becomes inextricable from the immigrant narrative for this particular group, and how a unique 'dual-liminality' emerges from living with both an immigrant status and chronic condition. This study also introduces how Gloria Anzaldúa's theory of nepantla can be used to push existing understandings of migrant liminality in medical anthropology by reframing the experiences of U.S. Latinx immigrants with chronic illness as ones of opportunity. Nepantla functions as a novel theoretical lens to better understand how Latinx immigrants may regain agency in their chronic illness management and promote social change by helping others in similar situations.

This article reports research on New York-based Korean artists' dynamic processes of identityshaping and the implications that these processes have for art education. The study uses postcolonial theories that illuminate the dialectical process of hybrid cultural production in the global dimension. The artists' identities narrated elucidate the recognition of difference with others; this identification emerges as the artists simultaneously escape from and discover their Korean identities. The artists' childhood experiences and memories work as reflective thinking in their different context, and because of their search for an individual identity, Korean culture is an important factor in their art making. When their identity formation and practice are in constant negotiation with difference, this results in learning and translating from others. They assume an 'open universalism' necessary to communicate at an international level, and as a consequence these artists' identity formation always involves the process of a doubling and dividing of reflections of existing Korean identities as well as the building of new ones. In this dualistic state, the artists' multiple identities remain heterogeneous, composed of contradictory factors that are revealed in the artists' hybrid artworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on the life and photographs of Shoki Kayamori, a Japanese migrant worker who settled in Yakutat, Alaska, in the 191os. For three decades he photographed the everyday activities of the town's denizens, but when World War II escalated, Kayamori committed suicide as rumors circulated that he was a spy. Based on nearly 7oo existing Kayamori photographs, this essay argues that Kayamori's visual archive demonstrates multiple liminal intimacies. In his photographic work, Kayamori crossed racial and gendered boundaries to represent both indigeneity and racial heterogeneity within Alaska's colonial encounter. Kayamori's liminal status also allowed him to capture Tlingit strategies for resistance outside of the traditional-modern binary. The framework of liminal intimacy allows for yet another type of reading, between the boundaries of Asian-American studies and Native studies, in order to elucidate a disavowed militarization and surveillance that highlights colonialism and modernity as co-constitutive processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using theories of liminalities in identity constructions and communication processes of resilience, this study of Chinese professionals who had immigrated to the United States shows how these participants live with ongoing tensions in their professional identities that they were able to partly construct in U.S. career systems. By negotiating their intercultural and professional identities in their workplaces, they build strong identity anchors in professionalism, dis-identify with Guanxi, and seek to reconcile their prior beliefs in meritocratic U.S. organizing processes with their understandings that they may never be fully part of the American workplaces because of their lack of native English and popular cultural knowledge. However, their abilities to build and sustain a resilient and new lifestyle provide insights for theoretical and pragmatic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study explored learner participation in First Steps in Learning and Teaching in Higher Education (FSLT12), a short massive open online course (MOOC) aimed at introducing learning and teaching in higher education that was offered by Oxford Brookes University in June 2012. Both novice and experienced MOOC learners joined the course. The aim of the case study was to explore triggers for active participation. A mixed-methods approach was utilized in order to collect and analyze data from focus groups, individual interviews, participant blog posts, and a survey. The lenses of social constructivism, connectivism, and community of practice theories were used to enhance understanding of participation in FSLT12. Three main themes emerged: (1) Navigation: New participants felt overwhelmed by technical issues, multiple channels, and a perceived need to multitask, while experienced learners were judicious about planning their route; (2) Transformative learning: Ultimately, learners experienced a transformative shift, but it required reflection on practice, community support, and selforganization; (3) Reciprocal Relationships: New learners needed time to determine their audience and core community, as well as to realize mutual relationships within that community. Learners in a MOOC inhabit a liminal space. Active MOOC participants are skilled orienteers. Engaging local expertise of experienced MOOC learners and developing participatory skills in new learners is a key strategy for those who organize and facilitate MOOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an ethnographic study of American garages, we develop a model of the roles that liminal spaces perform in the management of possessions and their meanings. We find that the garage serves as a transitional space that links the useful and useless, female and male, clean and dirty, sacred and profane, and past, present, and future. We also propose that the garage can be a de facto museum and prosthetic memory device, as well as a link across generations of the family. Based on these findings, we offer a model of liminal household spaces and their dynamic role in making and managing meanings of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, we explore how the same theories and metaphors’ used historically to describe the frontier, are useful ways of thinking about both team teaching and English studies as an interdisciplinary field. Defining the frontier as both imprecise and liminal encourages the students, as well as the instructors, to work within an open space of all sorts of possibilities and no easily fixed answers. Such an approach illustrates the blurred line between written and visual texts and highlights how long the idea of the frontier has captivated US national consciousness, from early exploration narratives to film and TV. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Within the theoretical concepts of social liminality and cultural negotiation, we analyze three case-studies of migrants from Yucatan in San Francisco, California. The case studies picture the diverse ways in which immigrants use social resources such as family, religion, friends and neighbor links to enable them to achieve a relative emotional balance while dealing with the cultural tension prevailing in the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attends to the representation of contemporary Latin American migrant experiences in the U.S. in El Corrido de Dante by Eduardo González Viaña. It focuses on voice and identity in relation to migration, space, place, home and belonging. Paraphrasing Spivak’s question “Can the subaltern speak?” from her homonymous essay, I discuss if the undocumented migrant subject has a voice of his/her own. I claim that the text can help us understand the experiences of undocumented Latin American migrants and the identitarian “in-betweenness” of the new generations born on the other side of the border. Furthermore, I argue that it is a polyphonic novel populated by “new” and “traditional” Latino/as, whose heterogeneous voices are enunciated from liminal or marginal positions. I find that González Viaña conveys a rich portrayal of the idiosyncratic reality of the Latin Americans in the U.S. with an original intertextual play that situates the text in the literary borderlands between classical Western works and Latin American and Latino/a popular and mass culture. However, the voice of the undocumented migrant is mediated by the complex multi-layered narrative structure, which makes the “truth” behind the story dissipate into hearsays, myths and legends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants find themselves in a liminal state of limbo between two societies. In this zone, competing cultural ideas coexist. This essay examines how Latino immigrant family childcare providers in the United States questioned US norms of childrearing and how they engaged in liminal cultural work to produce a bicultural childrearing. They are exposed to US norms through family childcare certification programmes that they were legally required to participate in, in order to receive the accreditation required to care for young children in their homes. They were simultaneously critical and embracing of US mainstream ideas of childrearing. Two contested areas for them are the emphasis on individual child development and the levelling of authority relations between adults and children. Their traditional values are absent from the training programmes, yet they develop a process of selective adaptation which both maintains and discards traditional ideas of childrearing and integrates them with some of the new ideas they learn in the US. The liminal cultural work that immigrant family childcare workers do is both for themselves and for the children and the families for whom they provide care. The providers experience a process of ongoing liminal cultural work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: When various contemporary issues of crime, violence, and gangs confronting Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities are presented, they are often explained from an ahistorical perspective. This leads to a decontextualized understanding of the communities and the challenges they face. The first part of this article will provide a general historical overview of selected AAPI communities that examines salient aspects of immigration and racialization, resulting in generations living a circumscribed life on the margins of mainstream society. The balance of the article will draw on U.S. Census datasets from 1990 to 2000 to capture the size and growth of Asian American and Pacific Islander communities, and provide population, language, citizenship, education, income, and poverty data to contextualize emerging crime, violence, and gang issues that affect these communities. Data will show commonalities across AAPI communities, but will also reveal information specific to AAPI subgroups, shedding more light on the state of AAPI communities and their diversity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Concepts of health or healing remain conspicuously absent in intimate partner violence intervention literature and practice within the USA. Instead, interventions generally end with 'equilibrium' or 'maintenance' in which women are no longer in crisis and are no longer in a violent relationship. But this ignores an important and necessary trajectory for intervention - healing. Following the logic of Van Gennep (1960) and Turner (1969), I suggest that most interventions leave women in a state of liminality, struggling to develop an alternative social and interpersonal identity to that of 'victim of abuse', or a 'survivor of violence'. This paper examines final stage healing as a rite of passage effected in an experimental women-centred intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features Fannie Barrier Williams. It states that Williams is a towering American intellectual, sociologist and journalist, but her life, ideas and contributions are unknown. She was born on 1855 and was known as a woman of multiple ethnicities, who devoted her life to end the barriers of white racism. She founded black feminist pragmatism, though her status as an intellectual was not recognized by contemporary scholars. It provides an analysis of her essay on "The Perils of the White Negro" which is an important work on biculturalism. It also presents an interpretation of her multiple liminality and other writing on biculturalism.

Research introduced here examines the impact of social and structural transitions during the past three decades on middle-class working families in the United States. Through the telling narrative of an especially iconic case of urban-to-rural migration and career change, this article explores the meaning of relocation away from metropolitan areas and corporate careers to growing ex-urban, small-town communities. The author interprets this life-style migration as a manner of personally negotiating tension between experience of material demands in pursuit of a livelihood within the flexible New Economy and prevailing cultural conventions for the good life that shape the moral narratives that define individual character. Drawing on two years of ethnographic research involving interview and observation of recent migrants to Northern Michigan, this article contributes to our understanding of noneconomic migration and its part in the changing moral meanings of work in postindustrial America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper redefines the focus for narrating histories of education in the USA through a 'glancing history'. It highlights the important role played by 'not-dead-yet students' who occupied a liminal place on the scale of life in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century. Traditional histories of education have been more singularly focused on the advent and dynamics of public schooling, ignoring the functionality of such child subjects to public schooling's existence. This paper argues that public schools as historical objects cannot be understood outside of a broader trinary system of prior institutions that were established for 'delinquent' and 'special' children. These prior institutions facilitated the formation of 'the public' in public schooling less in opposition to 'the private' and more in consonance with 'the human'. The existence of prior institutions enabled the enforcement of compulsory attendance legislation. Compulsory attendance legislation, in place across all existing states by 1918, was concerned more with the conditions for exclusion and exemption than with compelling attendance. Thus, at the most immediate level, this paper historicizes some of the discursive and hence institutional events that linked an array of tutelary complexes by the early 1900s, and which enabled such legislation. This part of the argument extends the notion of institution to consider broader places of confinement and systematicity. It examines the prior practice of reservation and slavery systems, and the efficacy they lent to further institutionalized segregation in the USA. At a second level, the narrative reflects on how such a narration has become possible. It considers how histories of education can currently be rethought and rewritten around the notion of dis/ability, historicizing the formation of dis/ability as identity categories made noticeable in part (and circularly) through the crystallization of a segregated but linked common schooling system. The paper thus provides a counter-memory against dominant economic foundationalist and psychomedical accounts of schooling's past. It documents both 'external' conditions of possibility for public schooling's emergence and 'internal' effects that emerged through the experiences of confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]