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While research into mindfulness practices is on the rise across populations, there is evidence to suggest that clinical practice has outpaced the literature with regard to mindfulness in pediatric rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of occupational therapists who opt to incorporate mindfulness into their clinical practices with children and youth. Hermeneutic phenomenology was the methodology of the study. The theoretical framework employed a Heideggerian-informed phenomenology of practice. Eight occupational therapists practicing in Canada and the United States participated in 90–120 min semi-structured interviews that elicited first-hand accounts of mindfulness in pediatric occupational therapy practice. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Finlay's four-step approach. Six salient themes were identified in the data: drawing from personal practice, enhancing participation, fostering healthy habits, adapting for children, keeping it playful, and doing with. The findings of this study offer insights for therapists who are considering incorporating mindfulness into their practices with children and youth. Further, this research highlights a number of research priorities that require further inquiry. Mindfulness is growing in popularity and may support occupational engagement in children and youth receiving rehabilitation services. Mindfulness practices may support rehabilitation providers in approaching their work with children and youth from a critical perspective. Further development of the child- and youth-centred mindfulness approaches may be warranted to enhance engagement and appropriateness for a range of ages and conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histories of political science and of the laws of war identify the nineteenth-century scholar Francis Lieber as their modern founder. His 1863 General Orders 100 codified the modern laws of war, internationalizing his political thought. Yet, relatively unremarked is that Lieber wrote his foundational texts during U.S. settler colonization, which he justified in whole. I argue that GO100 facilitated settler colonial violence by defining modern war as a public war, arrogating it to sovereign states; distinguishing revenge from retaliation, attributing revenge to the "savage"; and elevating a certain racialized/gendered governance, ascribing it to the Cis-Caucasian race. Producing Native peoples and Native wars as lacking in the proper characteristics of sovereign belligerency resulted in a subordination of status and a legitimation of exterminatory tactics that were subsequently universalized and (re)internationalized through GO100's determinative influence on the laws of war. Tracing GO100 further exposes the founding of the discipline in Native peoples' dispossession and extermination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term data allow ecologists to assess trajectories of population abundance. Without this context, it is impossible to know whether a taxon is thriving or declining to extinction. For parasites of wildlife, there are few long-term data--a gap that creates an impediment to managing parasite biodiversity and infectious threats in a changing world. We produced a century-scale time series of metazoan parasite abundance and used it to test whether parasitism is changing in Puget Sound, United States, and, if so, why. We performed parasitological dissection of fluid-preserved specimens held in natural history collections for eight fish species collected between 1880 and 2019. We found that parasite taxa using three or more obligately required host species--a group that comprised 52% of the parasite taxa we detected--declined in abundance at a rate of 10.9% per decade, whereas no change in abundance was detected for parasites using one or two obligately required host species. We tested several potential mechanisms for the decline in 3+-host parasites and found that parasite abundance was negatively correlated with sea surface temperature, diminishing at a rate of 38% for every 1 °C increase. Although the temperature effect was strong, it did not explain all variability in parasite burden, suggesting that other factors may also have contributed to the long- term declines we observed. These data document one century of climate-associated parasite decline in Puget Sound--a massive loss of biodiversity, undetected until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although lesson study has been shown to improve the teaching and learning of mathematics, little research has focused on reasons for engaging in it from a teacher’s perspective, particularly after sustained engagement with lesson study. This qualitative study reports on thirty-three teachers from the United States who were involved in twelve lesson study cycles during a three-year partnership aimed at improving algebraic instruction for students aged 8–14 years during a period of educational reform. It used grounded theory techniques to analyse interview data to determine the purposes of lesson study from teachers' perspectives. Results highlight six purposes for engaging in a mathematics lesson study: understand reform standards, focus on student thinking, develop pedagogy, support collaboration, develop curricular materials, and learn mathematics. Particularly noticeable was its use for focusing on student mathematical thinking and understanding of reform initiatives and requirements. Research implications suggest positioning lesson study as a useful, teacher-vetted tool for unpacking educational reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapidly developing innovation culture in higher education heightens the importance of policies regarding intellectual property rights. Irish universities are beginning to develop such policies, using examples from the United States. (SK)

We investigate the relationship between household debt and income inequality in the USA, allowing for asymmetry, using data over the period 1913–2008. We find evidence of an asymmetric cointegration between household debt and inequality for different regimes. Our results indicate household debt only responds to positive changes in income inequality, while there is no evidence of falling inequality significantly affecting household debt. The presence of this asymmetry provides further empirical insights into the emerging literature on household debt and inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sacral chordomas represent one half of all chordomas, a rare neoplasm of notochordal remnants. Current NCCN guidelines recommend surgical resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy or definitive radiation for unresectable cases. Recent advances in radiation for chordomas include conformal photon and proton beam radiation. We investigated incidence, treatment, and survival outcomes to observe any trends in response to improvements in surgical and radiation techniques over a near 40-year time period. Materials and methods: Three hundred forty-five microscopically confirmed cases of sacral chordoma were identified between 1974 and 2011 from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program of the National Cancer Institute. Cases were divided into three cohorts by calendar year, 1974–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2011, as well as into two groups by age ≤65 versus >65 to investigate trends over time and age via Chi-square analysis. Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to determine effects of treatment on survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of overall survival (OS). Results: Five-year OS for the entire cohort was 60.0%. OS correlated significantly with treatment modality, with 44% surviving at 5 years with no treatment, 52% with radiation alone, 82% surgery alone, and 78% surgery and radiation (p < 0.001). Age >65 was significantly associated with non-surgical management with radiation alone or no treatment (p < 0.001). Relatively, fewer patients received radiation between 2000 and 2011 compared to prior time periods (p = 0.03) versus surgery, for which rates which did not vary significantly over time (p = 0.55). However, 5-year OS was not significantly different by time period. Age group and treatment modality were predictive for OS on multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Surgery remains an important component in the treatment of sacral chordomas in current practice. Fewer patients were treated with radiation more recently despite advances in photon and proton beam radiation. OS remains unchanged. Additional analyses of margin status, radiation modality, and local control in current practice are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the inequality in patent law and legislation between small private entities and large corporations. Topics include the cost of litigating patent infringement cases, the amount of patent infringement cases that are settled out of court per year in the U.S., and how wealth impacts the outcome of patent lawsuits filed by individuals.

In this essay, I review the argument of Patricia Owens stellar new book, Between War and Politics. Specifically, I engage with, although am skeptical of, her claim that that the current detention camps founded and governed by the United States in the global war on terror are dissimilar to those founded and governed by Germany in the Holocaust.International Politics (2008) 45, 497–505. doi:10.1057/ip.2008.15 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the potential of Heidegger's phenomenology as a foundation for environmental communication theory, emphasizing his critiques of modern science, technology, humanism, and metaphysics. A phenomenological approach to environmental communication provides resources for recognizing metaphysical assumptions that endanger both humans and nature. The Hanford nuclear reservation serves as an illustrative text, exemplifying Heidegger's reading of nuclear energy as a culmination of both Western metaphysics and the instrumental stance that he calls “enframing.” In Heidegger's view, the ordering and control accomplished through enframing obscures the mutually constitutive relationship between humans and nature, and in doing so, diminishes the possibilities for authentic human existence. The chapter examines how both representational and constitutive models of communication contribute to those conditions, and adopts a set of concepts from Heidegger's phenomenology as a foundation for an alternative, “bounded constitutive” model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects on the redescription, synonymy, and new records of Vexillata noviberiae (VN), a parasite of rabbits Sylvilagus in the U.S. The section describes VN, a parasite of Sylvilagus floridanus from Louisiana, from material collected from Sylvilagus palustris in Florida and from Sylvilagus floridanus in Kansas. It states that findings gathered in the study confirms the occurrence of Vexillata noviberiae as a parasite of rabbits and its wide distribution range in North America.

The article discusses the importance of communication in relation to the production of U.S. nuclear weapon as a significant technology in the past and future phenomenon. The researchers used theoretical frames in analyzing communication, including democracy, participation, and the nuclear public sphere. Other theoretical frames they used include organizational crisis, stakeholder communication, and nuclear history. They conclude by identifying and addressing various issues associated with adoption of the literature.

A community of hybridity is evolving at Gambier, Ohio-based Kenyon College. Both internationalist and regional, the group maintains concerns for cultural respect and independence, without censorship, while appreciating that context informs the relevance and nature of this 'free' expression. To create links, but to respect the integrity of the individual and other groups that individual might 'represent' in the moment of collaboration. Theory classes, prosody classes and so-called creative writing classes are inseparable, becoming increasingly blurred. Who can separate music and musicology, art and architecture from the experience of poetry?

The article discusses the strategies for vocabulary development in the U.S. It states that language gap is a critical challenge to teachers and educators at every grade level. There is no simple solution or quick fix, an impoverished vocabulary can not be habilitated in a few weeks. However, educators can have an enormously positive impact on building their students lexical skills, if they insure that all students are being taught to read well, all students are encouraged or motivated to read widely, teachers employ effective strategies to directly and explicitly teach the most important vocabulary words in a given selection or chapter of text, and teachers structure opportunities for all students to explore and apply new words in their reading and writing.

Examines material and discursive containment culture operating in public policy settings at Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Richland, Washington. Alan Nadel's poststructuralist cultural history of America's atomic age; Pollution problem at Hanford Reservation; Regime of secrecy during the establishment of Hanford in 1943 through the mid-1980s; Leakage and legitimation problem of the Hanford case after the Cold War.

Examines the cell cycle regulation in 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-resistant colon cancer cell lines in the United States. Association of 5-FU resistance with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene amplification and TS protein levels; Impact of TS levels on cell cycle progression; Methods to overcome 5-FU resistance; Expression of TS enzyme in resistance development.

Examines the types of professors selected by students from a Florida campus. Comparison of the students; Choices of older, more nontraditional students; Choices of younger, more traditional students; Implications for support services and student adjustment for both traditional and nontraditional students.

Telecare has the potential--to extend home-care services normally delivered by conventional means. In the USA, government reductions in health-care financing have been matched by a growing interest, on the part of commercial health-care insurers, in cost reductions and cost-effective care planning. This review identifies emerging trends in home care. Several telecare demonstration projects have been undertaken with patients with coronary heart disease and HIV/AIDS. These projects have attempted to develop new methods of providing cost-effective care for a growing patient population with chronic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the findings of a retrospectively designed and qualitatively analyzed study of the coping skills, strengths and needs as perceived by adult offspring and siblings of people with mental illness. How adult family members and children are affected by mentally ill siblings; Coping methods used by family members; Need for a more comprehensive approach to treatment that acknowledges the needs of individual family members.

Focuses on the transition of the economy from agriculture to commerce to manufacturing in the United States. Implications of the emergence of human settlements; Performance of labor-intensive production functions; Decentralization of the traditional manufacturing cities.

The authors' understanding of the relationship between the cold war and enduring rivalry in the Third World has been hampered by a tendency to view international conflicts as relatively isolated phenomena. The authors address this question by analyzing the impact of superpower arms transfers on armed interventions in the Middle East from 1948 to 1991. The evidence suggests that arms transfers from the United States to Israel restrained the level of military aggression in the region, on the part of both Israel and its Arab rivals. Soviet arms transfers, however, had the opposite effect. This latter pattern is attributed more to the Soviet Union's inability to restrain its clients than to its active promotion of regional conflict. The authors' conclusions are based on a Poisson regression analysis of time-series data derived from the Overt Military Interventions database and the arms trade registers compiled by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depth and degree of geographic polarization in American politics are key arguments that reside within the larger political polarization debate. Evidence used to argue against the significance of geographic polarization is the prevalence of "purple" counties. It is argued that when the aggregate voting results within counties for candidates from the two major political parties are close enough and competitive enough not to be designated as either "red" or "blue" and are designated as "purple", the electorate is considered spatially and homogeneously mixed within the county. It is assumed that these purple counties demonstrate that voters whose polarized political ideology are either closely divided or deeply divided live near one another. This paper challenges the assumption that partisans from differing parties live within proximity to one another in competitive counties by examining ten of the most "purple" counties of the 2016 United States Presidential Election. The results of this study provide evidence as to whether "purple" counties are homogeneous places where there is no geographic polarization or whether county aggregation merely masks a micro-scalar geographic political divide. • Geographic polarization is prevalent in closely contested counties in the 2016 presidential election. • Voters typically vote down the ballot for other federal, state, and local offices as they did for president. • There are consistent patterns of geographic polarization in mid-sized, closely contested counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the molecular identification of an avian dicrocoeliid from a vagrant shrew in Montana. The study identified gravid dicrocoeliid flukes from the liver of the animal and was identified as Brachylecithum mosquensis through comparison of their morphology and DNA sequences with that of the American robin. The outcome was the first record in the world of a bird dicrocoeliid from a shrew and also the first record of Sorex spp. in the U.S.

Objective: We perform a simple cost estimation of ultrasound guidance for the placement of central venous access, considering the US federal reimbursement for ultrasound guidance of central line placement to the federal reimbursement for treating the complication of pneumothorax. Methods: We utilize national statistics on the number of central lines placed annually to determine the cost savings incurred if all central lines placed in the United States were placed with ultrasound guidance. Results: The initial “cost” of placing central lines was found to be 390,780,000 to 651,300,000 dollars per year by the landmark technique, as compared with 494,820,000 to 824,700,000 dollars per year by ultrasound guidance. Conclusions: The cost of ultrasound guidance was not mitigated by its reduction in the cost of treating pneumothoraces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterizes the parasitic helmints of Black Bear cubs, Ursus americanus from Florida. Endoparasites; Trematodes; Acanthocephalus.