Search

The flow of the ground water is responsible for both thermal and self-potential anomalies. Temperature is usually recorded in boreholes while self-potential is usually recorded at the ground surface of the Earth. This makes the joint inversion of temperature and self-potential data together an attractive approach to invert permeability. We use an Adaptive Metropolis Algorithm to determine the posterior probability densities of the material properties of different geological formations and faults by inverting jointly self-potential and temperature data. The algorithm is tested using a synthetic case corresponding to a series of sedimentary layers overlying a low-permeability granitic substratum. The flow of the ground water (computed in steady-state condition) is mainly localized in two faults acting as preferential fluid flow pathways. The first fault is discharging warmed ground water near the ground surface while the second fault acts as a recharge zone of cold water (a classical scenario in geothermal systems). The joint inversion algorithm yield accurate estimate of the permeability of the different units only if both temperature and self-potential data are jointly inverted. An application using real data is also performed. It concerns the upwelling of a hydrothermal plume through a set of faults and permeable formations at the Cerro Prieto geothermal field in Baja California. The optimized permeabilities are in close agreement with independent hydrogeological estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PulseNet International (PNI) is a global network of 88 countries who work together through their regional and national public health laboratories to track foodborne disease around the world. The vision of PNI is to implement globally standardized surveillance using whole genome sequencing (WGS) for real-time identification and subtyping of foodborne pathogens to strengthen preparedness and response and lower the burden of disease. Several countries in North America and Europe have experienced significant benefits in disease mitigation after implementing WGS. To broaden the routine use of WGS around the world, challenges and barriers must be overcome. We conducted this study to determine the challenges and barriers countries are encountering in their attempts to implement WGS and to identify how PNI can provide support to improve and become a better integrated system overall. A survey was designed with a set of qualitative questions to capture the status, challenges, barriers, and successes of countries in the implementation of WGS and was administered to laboratories in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Middle East. One-third of respondents do not use WGS, and only 8% reported using WGS for routine, real-time surveillance. The main barriers for implementation of WGS were lack of funding, gaps in expertise, and training, especially for data analysis and interpretation. Features of an ideal system to facilitate implementation and global surveillance were identified as an all-in-one software that is free, accessible, standardized and validated. This survey highlights the minimal use of WGS for foodborne disease surveillance outside the United States, Canada, and Europe to date. Although funding remains a major barrier to WGS-based surveillance, critical gaps in expertise and availability of tools must be overcome. Opportunities to seek sustainable funding, provide training, and identify solutions for a globally standardized surveillance platform will accelerate implementation of WGS worldwide.