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Social contagion, the process whereby psychological states spread from one person to another, is a pervasive phenomenon. However, this has not been adequately explored in the educational context, especially in relation to the social contagion between principals and teachers. This study aimed to examine the social contagion of job satisfaction from principals to teachers and its implications for instructional quality (i.e., clarity of instruction and cognitive activation). We made use of the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018 data and drew on 47,315 teachers and 3008 principals from two cultural groups: Confucian societies (Japan, Taiwan, Korea, and Shanghai) and English-speaking societies (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United States, and United Kingdom). Results of multilevel mediation analyses revealed that principal job satisfaction was related to teacher job satisfaction, providing support for the principal-teacher job satisfaction contagion. The job satisfaction contagion was subsequently associated with teachers' clarity of instruction and cognitive activation in Confucian societies, but only cognitive activation in English-speaking societies. Teacher job satisfaction was associated with both instructional quality indicators in both cultural groups. The study provided evidence of the social contagion of job satisfaction between principals and teachers. Study results also demonstrated how the contagion of job satisfaction is subsequently associated with teachers' instructional quality across different cultural contexts.

Background: Drawing on prospective data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), our goal was to construct and validate a 5-year survival prediction model for individuals with cognitive impairment (CI). Methods: This study entailed a prospective cohort design utilizing information from the 2011-2014 NHANES dataset, encompassing individuals aged 40 years or older, with updated mortality status as of December 31, 2019. Predictive models within the derivation and validation cohorts were assessed using logistic proportional risk regression, column-line plots, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) binomial regression models. Results: The study enrolled a total of 1,439 participants (677 men, mean age 69.75 ± 6.71 years), with the derivation and validation cohorts consisting of 1,007 (538 men) and 432 (239 men) individuals, respectively. The 5-year mortality rate stood at 16.12% (n = 232). We devised a 5-item column-line graphical model incorporating age, race, stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The model exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.772 with satisfactory calibration. Internal validation demonstrated that the column-line graph model displayed strong discrimination, yielding an AUC of 0.733, and exhibited good calibration. Conclusion: To sum up, our study successfully developed and internally validated a 5-item nomogram integrating age, race, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and blood urea nitrogen. This nomogram exhibited robust predictive performance for 5-year mortality in individuals with CI, offering a valuable tool for prognostic evaluation and personalized care planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing, and it has become a great threat to men's health. The detection, staging, and follow-up of prostate cancer patients are inseparable from morphology or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, these do not fully meet the needs of diagnosis and patient management. In particular, owing to the late diagnosis, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients usually have poor survival and few options for further effective treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), because of its overexpression on prostate cancer cells, has gained interest due to its application in the imaging and theranostics field. Several PSMA radioligands have been developed for imaging and treating prostate cancer. Many clinical trials have assessed the efficacy and safety profiles of these radionuclide agents and show promise in patients who have exhausted other standard treatment options. To date, several small compounds for targeting PSMA have been developed, and 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-DCFPyL have been approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for imaging of prostate cancer. 111In- or 99mTc-labeled PSMA-ligand can guide surgeons searching for radioactive metastatic lymph nodes, and 177Lu- or 225Ac-labeled PSMA-ligand can be used for internal radiotherapy. Moreover, some molecules for therapeutic application are undergoing different stages of clinical trials. In this review, we present current perspectives on the use of PSMAtargeted imaging and theranostics in prostate cancer. As PSMA-targeted imaging and therapeutics are becoming the standard of care for prostate cancer patients, we emphasize the importance of integrating nuclear medicine physicians into multidisciplinary oncology teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early mobilization in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a hotspot. This study aims to provide a bibliometric perspective of the progress in this field. Methods: We extracted publications on ICU early mobilization published in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2000 to 2021. VOSviewer was used to construct co-occurrence and co-citation relationships for authors, references, and keywords; Citespacewas used to visualize knowledge mapping of subject categories, countries, and keywords with the strongest citation bursts. Results: A total of 4,570 publications were analyzed, with a steady increase in publications in the field of ICU early mobilization. From a macro perspective, research on ICU early mobilization involves multidisciplinary involvement, including critical care medicine, neurology, and nursing; as for the meso perspective, the United States is the major contributor. Needham DM and Schweickert WD are the key researchers in this field. Moreover, the core journal is Critical Care Medicine, with the most publications and citations. The microscopic level, dominated by references and keywords, illustrates that the hotspot and frontier of research on ICU early mobilization focus on ICU-acquired weakness, delirium, the prognosis of critical illness, and severe COVID-19. Conclusion: This study presents a research landscape of ICU early mobilization from different perspectives. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the current state of research in critical care medicine and provide the available information for future research ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that U.S. water withdrawals have been steady since 1980, but the population and economy have grown since then. This implies that other factors have contributed to offsetting decreases in water withdrawals. Using water withdrawal data from USGS and economic data from Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), direct and total water withdrawals were estimated for 134 industrial summary sectors in the 1997 U.S. economic input-output (EIO) table and 136 industrial sectors in the 2002 EXO table. Using structural decomposition analysis (SDA), the change in water withdrawals for the economy from 1997 to 2002 was allocated to changes in population, GOP per capita, water use intensity, production structure, and consumption patterns. The changes in population, GDP per capita, and water use intensity led to increased water withdrawals, while the changes in production structure and consumption patterns decreased water withdrawals from 1997 to 2002. Consumption patterns change was the largest net contributor to the change in water withdrawals. The model was used to predict aggregate changes in total water withdrawals from 2002 to 2010 due to known changes in population and GDP per capita; a more complete model assessment must await release of updated data on USGS water withdrawals and EIO data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the changes of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH) and its impact on summer precipitation over the southeastern (SE) United States using the 850-hPa geopotential height field in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40), long-term rainfall data, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) model simulations during the past six decades (1948--2007). The results show that the NASH in the last 30 yr has become more intense, and its western ridge has displaced westward with an enhanced meridional movement compared to the previous 30 yr. When the NASH moved closer to the continental United States in the three most recent decades, the effect of the NASH on the interannual variation of SE U.S. precipitation is enhanced through the ridge''s north--south movement. The study''s attribution analysis suggested that the changes of the NASH are mainly due to anthropogenic warming. In the twenty-first century with an increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, the center of the NASH would be intensified and the western ridge of the NASH would shift farther westward. These changes would increase the likelihood of both strong anomalously wet and dry summers over the SE United States in the future, as suggested by the IPCC AR4 models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid dynamical–statistical model is developed for predicting Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity. The model is built upon the empirical relationship between the observed interannual variability of hurricanes and the variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and vertical wind shear in 26-yr (1981–2006) hindcasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS). The number of Atlantic hurricanes exhibits large year-to-year fluctuations and an upward trend over the 26 yr. The latter is characterized by an inactive period prior to 1995 and an active period afterward. The interannual variability of the Atlantic hurricanes significantly correlates with the CFS hindcasts for August–October (ASO) SSTs and vertical wind shear in the tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic where CFS also displays skillful forecasts for the two variables. In contrast, the hurricane trend shows less of a correlation to the CFS-predicted SSTs and vertical wind shear in the two tropical regions. Instead, it strongly correlates with observed preseason SSTs in the far North Atlantic. Based on these results, three potential predictors for the interannual variation of seasonal hurricane activity are constructed by averaging SSTs over the tropical Pacific (TPCF; 5°S–5°N, 170°E–130°W) and the Atlantic hurricane main development region (MDR; 10°–20°N, 20°–80°W), respectively, and vertical wind shear over the MDR, all of which are from the CFS dynamical forecasts for the ASO season. In addition, two methodologies are proposed to better represent the long-term trend in the number of hurricanes. One is the use of observed preseason SSTs in the North Atlantic (NATL; 55°–65°N, 30°–60°W) as a predictor for the hurricane trend, and the other is the use of a step function that breaks up the hurricane climatology into a generally inactive period (1981–94) and a very active period (1995–2006). The combination of the three predictors for the interannual variation, along with the two methodologies for the trend, is explored in developing an empirical forecast system for Atlantic hurricanes. A cross validation of the hindcasts for the 1981–2006 hurricane seasons suggests that the seasonal hurricane forecast with the TPCF SST as the only CFS predictor is more skillful in inactive hurricane seasons, while the forecast with only the MDR SST is more skillful in active seasons. The forecast using both predictors gives better results. The most skillful forecast uses the MDR vertical wind shear as the only CFS predictor. A comparison with forecasts made by other statistical models over the 2002–07 seasons indicates that this hybrid dynamical–statistical forecast model is competitive with the current statistical forecast models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the structure of subjective well-being (SWB), the relationship between household income and SWB and mean differences in components of SWB in China and the USA are investigated. Both China and the USA were characterized in a three-factor model of SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect). Household income was more strongly positively correlated with the three major components of SWB in China than in the USA. Lower levels of SWB were generally reported by participants in China than in the USA; however, there were mean differences in different regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to determine if the WHO global BMI (kg/m²) cutoffs for determining overweight and obesity in the general populations are appropriate for Asian populations and to consider whether population-specific cutoffs would be warranted. A nonrandomized biased sampling of 227 Asian Americans were composed of 149 college students, including 104 Chinese, 30 Vietnamese and 15 Japanese, enrolled in California State University at Los Angeles and 78 of their parents to examine the differences of prevalence of overweight and obesity based on two BMI cutoffs: (I) WHO global cutoffs, overweight BMI ≥25, obesity: BMI ≥ 30, and (II) WHO recommended cutoffs for Asians, overweight: BMI ≥ 23, obesity: BMI ≥ 27.5. The prevalence of overweight/obesity based on (II) were 2 times higher than those based on (I) in total young Asians, total Chinese, and in young, old, male Chinese. It was 4 times higher in young Vietnamese and 3 times higher in female Japanese. The prevalence of obesity was also fairly different using these two criteria. This study identified potential BMI cutoffs to consider for these Asians and established that the WHO cutoffs for Asians should be taken into consideration when making public health policy for these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a cross-cultural experiment, we examined how task interdependence influences the importance of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in employee performance evaluations in China and the USA. A total of 150 graduate students in China and 154 in the USA (a total of 304), who serve as evaluators, participated in the experiment. Participants were exposed to a task interdependence manipulation and then rated the importance of OCB in their overall performance evaluations of employees. Results support the moderating effects of national culture (both using a country proxy and as a measure of collectivism) on the affects of task interdependence. Although among evaluators from the USA perceptions of the importance of OCB increased as task interdependence increased, the effects of task interdependence were significantly attenuated among evaluators from China. Implications of these results for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of a singular value decomposition (SVD) method to a 50-year climate simulation to explore the space-time connections between springtime soil moisture and summer precipitation over the continental U.S. It examines the influences of the relative importance of the land and ocean on precipitation changes with the seasons. A review of the coupling of Common Land Model (CLM) with National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model Version 3, which offers the soil moisture and precipitation data for the study, is presented.

Abstract Purpose--The purpose of this paper is to test the existence of direct and moderating effects of task interdependence and culture on supervisory views of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Design/methodology/approach--To analyze these effects, an experiment was conducted in the USA and The People's Republic of China. A total of 304 management supervisors participated. Participants were exposed to an interdependence manipulation and then rated the importance of ERP in the case contexts described by experimental treatments. Findings--Results support the moderating effects of culture on the extent to which task interdependence impacts managerial views of the communicative capabilities of ERP systems. Task interdependence effects are much less severe among the views of Chinese managers. Research limitations/implications--Main limitations potentially stem from our specific operationalizations of the factors studied as well as selectivity of the subject pool. As with many empirical comparisons of culture, these limitations may confine the application of the findings to the two national contexts studied. Practical implications--If managers in China (as compared to their U.S. counterparts) are more enthusiastic of the communication capabilities provided by ERP systems regardless of the extent to which internal processes are interdependent, then the business cases that support ERP adoption and extension should be expected to emphasize the benefits of such capabilities. This may foster a strategic distinction in the use of these architectures in the two settings. Originality/value--This study specifically examines the interactive effects of task interdependency and culture on managerial perceptions regarding ERP communicative capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the political failure and the necessity for global democracy in the context of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States. Prevalence of depression among people in New York City; Critical attitudes of residents towards U.S. reaction to the terrorism; Analysis of the sources of terrorism and the interconnectedness of its chains.

The variability of winter average U.S. precipitation displays strong geographical dependence with large var-iability in the southeastern and northwestern United States. The covariance of the U.S. winter mean precipitation with Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) is examined in this study using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The first SVD mode indicates the U.S. precipitation pattern that is associated with the tropical El Nino/La Nina SST variation, while the second and third SVD modes relate the precipitation variability in the Pacific Northwest and southeast that is associated with the North Pacific SST variation. About 45% of the U.S. precipitation variabilities is related to the Pacific SST anomalies, among which, 35% is related to the North Pacific SST and 10% is related to the tropical Pacific SST. Each SVD precipitation pattern is associated with well-organized 500-mb height and zonal mean zonal wind anomalies. It is shown that the North Pacific SST anomalies associated with the U.S. precipitation are primarily driven by extratropical atmospheric circulation anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of winter monthly mean extratropical circulation associated with El Niño, including pre-cipitation and surface temperature over the United States, are examined for nine El Niño events during 1950-- 94. Precipitation and surface temperature over the United States, also the 500-mb geopotential height and sea level pressure over the North Pacific and North America, are significantly different between early winter (No-vember and December) and late winter (January to March). The typical El Niño-related U.S. precipitation and surface temperatures identified in many previous studies, as well as the Pacific--North American (PNA) circulation pattern, emerge in January and persist through February and March. The PNA patterns during these late winter months are coupled both with the tropical El Niño sea surface temperature (SST) variation and with the North Pacific SST variation. In contrast, the PNA patterns in the early winter months correlate only with the North Pacific SST. The tendency for the PNA pattern to occur during El Niño years is much less in early winter months than in late winter months. An ensemble analysis of 12 45-yr (1950--94) integrations of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model forced by the observed time-varying SST shows that the model 500-mb heights display a PNA-like pattern in both early and late winters of El Niño. The ensemble model response to the El Niño SST is thus unable to reproduce the observed differences in the extratropical atmospheric circulation between early and late winter months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]