5 results on '"Holm, N"'
Search Results
2. Decrease in injection and rise in smoking and snorting of heroin and synthetic opioids, 2000-2021.
- Author
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Karandinos G, Unick J, Ondocsin J, Holm N, Mars S, Montero F, Rosenblum D, and Ciccarone D
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Adult, Female, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking trends, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Adolescent, Analgesics, Opioid, Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology, Middle Aged, Synthetic Drugs, Heroin, Opioid-Related Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Injecting, smoking, and snorting heroin/synthetic opioids is each associated with unique health risks. It is unclear how route of administration (ROA) preferences have shifted during the opioid epidemic., Methods: Using 2000-2021 admissions data from SAMHSA TEDS-A, we analyzed trends in heroin/synthetic opioid ROA preferences and factors associated with these preferences., Results: 7,881,318 heroin/synthetic opioid admissions reported injection, smoking, or snorting preference. Nationally, injection peaked in 2014 (69.9 %) and nadired in 2021(52.2 %), snorting nadired in 2014 (24.9 %) and peaked in 2021 (36.4 %), and smoking rose steadily from 2.5 % in 2005 to a peak of 11.4 % in 2021. From 2000-2021, the number of states with ≥10 % smoking rates grew from 2 to 27 (highest: 57.0 % in Arizona in 2021). In 2021, increased adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) of non-injection versus injection use were associated with older age at first opioid use (APR 1.52 [95 % CI: 1.51, 1.54] for those 30+ relative to ≤20), and all race/ethnicities relative to non-Latino White individuals (highest: Black individuals, APR 1.77 [1.75, 1.78]). Geography strongly predicted smoking versus snorting (Mountain APR 6.91 [6.64, 7.19], Pacific APR 6.61 [6.35, 6.88], reference: New England)., Conclusions: ROA preferences of heroin/synthetic opioids have changed substantially since 2000, with: 1) recent decreases in injection nationally; 2) increased smoking, particularly in the western US; and, 3) recent increased snorting in the eastern US. Smoking is now prevalent and growing. Public health implications include an increasing number of smoking-related fatal overdoses and the probable reduction of injection-specific morbidity and increase in smoking-specific morbidity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr. Ciccarone reports financial support as a scientific advisor to Celero Systems and as an expert witness for Motley-Rice LLC. No other authors have disclosures to report., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The role of fear and disgust in predicting the effectiveness of television advertisements that graphically depict the health harms of smoking.
- Author
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Jónsdóttir HL, Holm JE, Poltavski D, and Vogeltanz-Holm N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Comparative Effectiveness Research, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Midwestern United States, Outcome Assessment, Health Care statistics & numerical data, Sex Factors, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking Cessation methods, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Products adverse effects, Tobacco Use Disorder epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder psychology, United States, Young Adult, Advertising classification, Computer Graphics statistics & numerical data, Fear psychology, Smoking psychology, Television
- Abstract
Introduction: Antismoking television advertisements that depict the graphic health harms of smoking are increasingly considered best practices, as exemplified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's current national campaign. Evaluation of responses to these widely used advertisements is important to determine advertisements that are most effective and their mechanisms of action. Our study tested the hypothesis that advertisements rated highest in fear- and disgust-eliciting imagery would be rated as the most effective., Methods: Our laboratory study included 144 women and men aged 18 to 33; 84% were current nonsmokers. All participants viewed 6 antismoking television advertisements that depicted the health harms of smoking; they rated their responses of fear and disgust and the effectiveness of the advertisements. We used multilevel modeling to test the effects of the following in predicting effectiveness: fear, disgust, the fear-disgust interaction, the advertisement, and the participant's sex and smoking status. Follow-up analyses examined differences in ratings of fear, disgust, and effectiveness., Results: Advertisement, fear, disgust, and the fear-disgust interaction were each significant predictors of effectiveness. Smoking status and sex were not significant predictors. The 3 advertisements that elicited the highest ratings of fear and disgust were rated the most effective., Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that antismoking advertisements of health harms that elicit the greatest responses of fear or disgust are the most effective. When advertisements elicit high ratings of both fear and disgust, advertisements with graphic imagery are effective, whereas advertisements without graphic imagery are not.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Assessing health-related quality of life in Northern Plains American Indians: prominence of physical activity as a health behavior.
- Author
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Poltavski D, Holm J, Vogeltanz-Holm N, and McDonald L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Indians, North American psychology, Inuit psychology, Male, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Mental Disorders ethnology, New Mexico epidemiology, New Mexico ethnology, North Dakota epidemiology, North Dakota ethnology, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States epidemiology, United States ethnology, Health Behavior ethnology, Health Status, Indians, North American statistics & numerical data, Inuit statistics & numerical data, Motor Activity physiology, Quality of Life psychology
- Abstract
Associations of behavioral health risks and healthy behaviors with self-reported health-related quality of life measures were investigated in a Northern Plains American Indian sample. Participants were surveyed in person using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. The results showed that regular physical activity was significantly associated with better self-reported overall health, fewer mentally unhealthy and activity limitation days in the past 30 days, and with a greater number of good health days.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Assessing health status, behavioral risks, and health disparities in American Indians living on the northern plains of the U.S.
- Author
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Holm JE, Vogeltanz-Holm N, Poltavski D, and McDonald L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol-Related Disorders ethnology, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Diabetes Mellitus ethnology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Ischemia ethnology, North Dakota epidemiology, Obesity ethnology, Prevalence, Smoking ethnology, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Health Behavior ethnology, Health Status Disparities, Indians, North American statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: We assessed health status and behavioral risks in American Indians (AIs) from rural, northern plains reservation communities., Methods: AI interviewers from the communities administered the core and optional modules of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to 404 AI adults randomly selected from housing lists from four AI tribal communities located on the northern plains of the U.S. The BRFSS interview assessed several health functioning areas including medical conditions, preventive screenings, and behavioral risks. We measured health disparities by comparing the AI sample data with a northern plains statewide (North Dakota) sample and a U.S. national sample. We compared outcomes with BRFSS statewide (North Dakota) and U.S. national data from telephone-based interviews., Results: AI participants showed a significantly greater prevalence of diabetes, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, smoking, obesity, and heavy alcohol use than either the regional or national samples. They also reported being less likely to engage in leisure-time physical activity and to have had age-appropriate preventive screenings for several diseases including colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease., Conclusions: Face-to-face interviews conducted by AI community members are an effective means of gathering health information about AIs living in rural, reservation communities. AIs living in these communities on the northern plains have a much higher prevalence of many health-risk behaviors and some medical conditions than are found in the general population. Improved health-care access, better preventive screenings, and culturally appropriate community-based health promotion programs and policies should be examined as possible ways to reduce health disparities.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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