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Purpose: Adapted physical activity (APA) provides children and youth with disabilities more opportunities to be physically active. Nevertheless, it is not well known how APA implementation in different services has benefited them. This study reviews the existing literature on APA interventions to identify characteristics and program descriptions, and to primarily synthesize information relating to the goals, for children and youth with disabilities. Methods: A literature search was performed using (1) electronic databases Scopus and EBSCO ALL and (2) manual and individual scrutinization of the four major APA journals. The characteristics and program were summarized narratively, and outcome items were extracted using the established International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) linking rules. Results: Thirty-five APA intervention studies published between 1987 and 2020 (with the majority in North America, since 2000) were included. Children with autism are the largest target group. Rich and diverse programs implemented were proved to be effective. Among the 184 outcome items coded within the categories of ICF-CY, 48% focused on Body Functions while 52% focused on Activities and Participation. Conclusions: This scoping review provides APA professionals and non-professionals (e.g. guardians) a broader and systematic overview on existing APA interventions for children and youth with disabilities.

This article examines the development of immigration policy in New York State, analyzing why the state legislature failed to introduce an immigrant deportation law in the nineteenth century and its implications for understanding the mechanics of integration of immigrants who were vilified as unwanted people by residents in host society. In response to the growing immigration of the impoverished Irish during the first half of the nineteenth century, the New York legislature developed laws for restricting the landing of indigent foreigners. Nativist public officials and private citizens demanded not only restrictions on admission but also the deportation to Europe of needy foreigners already resident in the state. The New York legislature, however, remained hesitant to pursue that policy due to the political influence of immigrants, especially the Irish, who had formed a sizable voting bloc by midcentury. Extreme anti-immigrant measures, such as deportation, became too risky ideas for politicians concerned about alienating foreign-born voters. In nineteenth-century New York, the majority's response to the ethnic turnover came too late. Nativist Americans' demands for deportation needed to be tempered by the reality of immigrants' presence as a powerful political force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of immigration control in New York from the late 18th to late 19th centuries. Particular focus is given to efforts to exclude the foreign poor from residence in the state. According to the author, many of these regulations targeted poor persons who migrated to New York with the assistance of local authorities in Europe, since they were perceived as unlikely to become independent and productive citizens.

An essay is presented on the joint administration of immigration by the federal government and state authorities in the U.S. in the 1880s. It examines state implementation of the U.S. federal 1882 Immigration Act, particularly focusing on Massachusetts and New York. The author considers the exclusion and deportation of paupers, including individuals arriving from Ireland. Economic factors and anti-European nativism are considered.

Medically underserved Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Other Pacific Islanders (AA&NHOPIs) and other racial/ethnic minorities are often left out of the health center system (OMB, 1997; Papa Ola Lokahi, 2007). The Department of Human and Health Services is updating its Proposed Rule, which determines key population health indicators for medically underserved areas (MUA) and health professional shortage designations. This is important as revisions could increase Community Health Center (CHC) health care access for underserved AA&NHOPIs. We recommend that Limited English Proficiency be used as one of the measures in determining MUAs, as it is a scientifically valid and available measure that can identify where underserved AA&NHOPIs and other minorities who face an added language barrier can access needed health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of imaging plates without shielding to monitor Americium exposure in the human lung. According to the authors, high energy alpha wave radiation exposure from plutonium sources has previously required bioassay or external counting methods. They argue that the lower detection limit of the imaging plate system developed by the U.S. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is the same as the germanium detector and the phoswich detectors. These imaging plates were sealed in lightproof bags and tested on the realistic torso phantom. They have also been used successfully with radioiodine isotopes in the thyroid.

Presents data from a survey of 50 state and provincial assessment supervisory agencies in the United States and Canada to determine the effect of soil contamination on property assessment. Survey questionnaires sent by the Japan Real Estate Institute (JREI) in conjunction with the International Association of Assessing Officers (IAAO); Continuing problem of valuation techniques for contaminated properties.

Discusses health care coverage for families in Alameda County, California. Information on the Alliance Family Care health coverage program; Creation of the No Wrong Door enrollment pilot program; Characteristic of families in the U.S.

Objectives: To compare the performance of the new 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with 1999 revised Japanese Ministry of Health criteria for diagnosis of SS (JPN), 2002 American-European Consensus Group classification criteria for SS (AECG) and 2012 ACR classification criteria for SS (ACR) in Japanese patients.Methods: The study subjects were 499 patients with primary SS (pSS) or suspected pSS who were followed up in June 2012 at 10 hospitals in Japan. All patients had been assessed for all four criteria of JPN (pathology, oral, ocular, anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies). The clinical diagnosis by the physician in charge was set as the 'gold standard'.Results: pSS was diagnosed in 302 patients and ruled out in 197 patients by the physician in charge. The sensitivity of the ACR-EULAR criteria in the diagnosis of pSS (95.4%) was higher than those of the JPN, AECG and ACR (82.1%, 89.4% and 79.1%, respectively), while the specificity of the ACR-EULAR (72.1%) was lower than those of the three sets (90.9%, 84.3% and 84.8%, respectively). The differences of sensitivities and specificities between the ACR-EULAR and other three sets of criteria were statistically significant (p<0.001). Eight out of 302 patients with pSS and 11 cases out of 197 non-pSS cases satisfied only the ACR-EULAR criteria, compared with none of the other three sets.Conclusions: The ACR-EULAR criteria had significantly higher sensitivity and lower specificity in diagnosis of pSS, compared with the currently available three sets of criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about oral health disparities involving Pacific Islanders and Asian Americans as of 2017, and it mentions access to dental care services at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in the U.S. Dental care inequities are examined, along with Medicaid health insurance funding for the dental care services that are provided to low-income patients. Social determinants of health and health care accessibility are mentioned.

Abstract: Subjects with severe motor and intellectual disability (SMID) are considered to be debilitated and at high risk of influenza infection. However, the safety and immunogenicity of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) vaccine in these subjects have not been reported. We measured the hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer and calculated the geometric mean titer ratio (GMTR), seroprotection rate, and seroconversion rate in 104 subjects with SMID (mean age±standard deviation 40.1±12.9 years), and in 179 healthcare workers (40.7±10.4 years) in a long-term care facility. Antibody responses after the first dose of pH1N1 vaccine among workers were greater than the European Medicines Evaluation Agency criteria and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria: the seroprotection rate was 79.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 73.3–85.5), the seroconversion rate was 77.9% (95%CI: 70.8–84.0), and GMTR was 7.3 (95%CI: 6.9–7.8). Responses among subjects with SMID were lower than the FDA criteria: the seroprotection rate was 56.3% (95%CI: 46.2–66.1), the seroconversion rate was 54.1% (95%CI: 43.7–64.2), and GMTR was 5.4 (95%CI: 4.9–5.9). Any additional antibody response induced by the second dose of vaccine among subjects with SMID was limited. Multivariate analysis indicated that subjects with SMID had a significantly lower seroprotection rate (odds ratio (OR) 0.37, 95%CI: 0.20–0.66) and seroconversion rate (OR 0.34, 95%CI: 0.20–0.59) than healthcare workers. No serious adverse reaction was reported in either group. These results indicate that a single dose of pH1N1 vaccine does not induce sufficient immunity among subjects with SMID, and a second dose is likely to be ineffective because of diminished immunogenicity. Further study is required to determine if vaccination over consecutive influenza seasons can improve immunogenicity in subjects with SMID. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article chronicles the development of a Community Health Worker (CHW) model at Asian Health Services (AHS), a community health center, to integrate patient leadership development and advocacy into its work. With a CHW model that has evolved from a disease specific approach to one of health equity, AHS has taken steps to proactively address political environments and interweave patient leadership development with the establishment of Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Patient Leadership Councils. The impetus behind the formation of these councils and the steps taken towards incorporating these patient leader groups into AHS' CHW infrastructure is described. Through this process, AHS has established a foundation for patient leadership and engagement in low-income Asian immigrant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]