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This article provides an introductory frame for this special issue dedicated to New Public Management and the New Professional Educator. We will introduce the five articles and how they analyze the characteristics of NPM and this emerging new professional as well as forms of educator resistance and advocacy.

Forms of guardianship for U.S. individuals with disabilities are reviewed, and Swedish legal and public policy innovations that replace guardianship with personal support services, such as mentors and personal assistants, are considered. The impact of Sweden's reforms on autonomy, independence, and integration is addressed. (Author/SW)

The current financial market crisis, triggered by the us mortgage crisis in 2007, is the latest and deepest of a whole series of financial market crises dating back to the beginning of national and international financial market deregulation in the 1970s. It shows clearly that deregulated financial markets do nothing to improve prosperity overall. There is every reason to suppose that deregulated financial markets harbor instability and constantly generate crises: Both property prices and lending are largely driven by expectations. In itself the market mechanism cannot provide a stable anchor for expectations. As a result of speculative fervor and deflationary phases financial markets tend to have negative consequences for growth, employment, the distribution of assets and income, and poverty. Five tendencies may be discerned since the 1970s. First, the increasing securitization of more and more credit relations led to the emergence of secondary markets. Not only was global liquidity increased, but an undesirable market structure was established: On the one hand, the lending bank was less careful than previously concerning the quality of the borrower, and on the other hand, as the debt was passed on to ever more remote investors information concerning the quality of the borrower was completely lost. Second, speculation plays a much more significant role in property markets than before. Third, an »impatient capitalism« has imposed itself on property markets, interested in realizing short-term profits. Fourth, intense property market inflation has been succeeded by property market deflation. Finally, ever larger parts of the financial system have managed to elude significant regulation. The reform priority must be to eliminate the mistakes of recent decades. A stable financial system must be created that promotes development of the real economy and that does not, in contrast to recent decades, stumble from one crisis to another. There is no magic wand that could stabilize a by now unbearably volatile financial system, just like that. Instead, a number of individual measures are needed, including regulation of the banking system, regulation of the financial institutions apart from the banks, reform of the tax system, the drying up of offshore centers, the restriction of speculation on property markets, and the containment of property market inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Joseph Lister introduced antiseptic surgery in 1867. American surgeons, entrenched in the old ways of 19th century medicine, failed to adopt Lister’s methods. Materials and Methods: Examples of the hubris and arrogant thinking displayed by early American surgeons are best shown by Thomas Eakins’ masterpiece, The Gross Clinic, and by the death of President James Garfield. Results: Samuel Gross, preeminent American surgeon in 1875 boldly revealed in The Gross Clinic, and the team of distinguished surgeons using outdated methods caring for Garfield in 1881, illustrate American surgeons’ woeful disdain and disregard of sterile surgical methods. Conclusions: Public outcry over the failure of some of America’s best surgeons led to widespread adoption of antiseptic surgery by the late 1880s and introduction of basic science into the medical education by the dawn of the new century. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents the guiding philosophy, conceptual model, methods and programmatic mechanisms used within one federal agency to translate mental health services research into everyday, real-world mental health practice as reflected by the perspectives of three federal staff working in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) of the U.S Department of Health and Human Services. Formation of SAMHSA; Mechanisms where the Community Support Program staff capitalize on to encourage mental health system reforms across the country; Principles of knowledge transfer as implemented in SAMHSA programs.

Examines findings of different studies made about the possibilities of creating safe spaces for girls and women in middle school education. Identity development in response to a need to belong; Wide gender gap on sense of competence; Reconceptualization of gender equity in education; Retreat communities as a safe space for girls and women.

The article examines the quality of lives of 15 mildly retarded persons in the U.S. who were studied within two decades. These mentally handicapped persons were originally studied in 1960-1961, restudied in 1972-1973 and studied again in 1982. Emphasizing on personal and social resources for coping with chronic or acute stress, the quality of their lives was reexamined over the past decade. It was found that these persons were less dependent on others than they had been previously.

The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) is the world's largest specialty nursing organization. The AACN Certification Corporation provides credentialing to validate nursing practice in acute and critical care. The advent of tele-ICU nursing added a challenge to the application of certification in a new specialty area. Nurses working in a tele-ICU have many years of experience in hands-on acute or critical care nursing at the bedside. In their role as tele-ICU nurses, these skills are applied to the assessment, evaluation, and decision support of care for critically ill patients in various acute and critical care units from remote locations connected directly to the ICU through high-speed audio and video technology. This article outlines the journey of the advent of the CCRN-E (registered nurse in critical care) credential and its place in the new specialty of tele-ICU nursing practice.

We evaluated the impact of a 15-hospital, rural, multi-state intensive care unit (ICU) telemedicine program. Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE III) scores, raw mortality rates, and actual-to-predicted length of stay (LOS) ratios and mortality ratios were used. Surveys evaluated program impact in smaller facilities and satisfaction of the physicians staffing the remote center. Smaller facilities' staff reported improvements in the quality of critical care services and reduced transfers. In regional hospitals, acuity scores increased (retention of sicker patients) while raw mortality was the same or lower. Length of stay ratios were reduced in these hospitals. In the tertiary hospital, actual-to-predicted ICU and hospital mortality and LOS ratios decreased.