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During World War II two researchers from the Department of Education of the Deaf, University of Manchester, England developed a technique for auditorily screening infants and pre-school children. The technique has been referred to as the distraction technique, wherein the mother holds the infant on her lap while an observer sits in front of the baby and attracts the infant's attention visually. The tester, standing behind the infant, presents stimuli to the right or left side of the infant and notes whether or not the baby turns his head toward the source of the sound. The Ohio Department of Health has used the test as modified for testing children eight to 14 months of age. The procedure was used with some success. However, training of nurses to administer the test required at least one week, and changing personnel made the testing program difficult to maintain. Other shortcomings of the procedure were the number of personnel needed and the tack of stimulus control, such as training testers to speak at 30db levels.