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Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a group of cancer chemopreventive sulfur-containing compounds found primarily in Brassica vegetables. The goals of this study were to summarize the current knowledge and discuss the challenges of developing a dietary GSL database for US foods. A systematic literature search was conducted for the period 1980–2020. Thirty articles were found to meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria; 27 GSLs were reported in 16 different vegetables. GSLs identified and quantified ranged from 3 for winter cress to 16 for cabbage. In general, the experimental designs of these 30 studies did not fully consider the factors related to the data quality. Enormous variations of GSLs are observed between different vegetables and in the same vegetables. In conclusion, the studies on GSLs in commonly consumed vegetables are still limited, and some data may be outdated. Currently available data are not sufficient to develop a valid GSL database in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Devonian Woodford Shale in the Anadarko Basin is a highly organic, hydrocarbon source rock. Accurate values of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) present in the Woodford Shale penetrated by 52 control wells were measured directly. These vitrinite reflectance values, when plotted against borehole resistivity for the middle member of the Woodford Shale in the wells, display a rarely reported finding that deep resistivity readings decrease as Ro increases when Ro is greater than 0.90%. This phenomenon may be attributed to that aromatic and resin compounds containing conjugated pi bonds generated within source rocks are more electrically conductive than aliphatic compounds. And aromatic and resin fractions were generated more than aliphatic fraction when source rock maturity further increases beyond oil peak. The finding of the relationship between deep resistivity and Ro may re-investigate the previously found linear relationship between source rock formation and aid to unconventional play exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the methanol extract of the Cardamine diphylla rhizome, methylethyl- (1), 2-methylbutyl- (2), 3-methylpentyl- (4), 3-indolylmethyl- (5), 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl- (6), 4-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl- (7) glucosinolates, and desulfo-2-methylbutylglucosinolate (3) were isolated. The structure elucidation of the compounds was performed by spectroscopic methods. The toxicity on brine shrimp larvae of the methanol extract of the C. diphylla rhizome was evaluated. In addition, the free-radical-scavenging activity of the crude extract was carried out by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of sinigrin applied on brassics leaves on biological aspects of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sinigrin applied to cabbage and broccoli leaves of biological aspects of plutella xylostella. Two brassica cultivars, cabbage Da Georgia and broccoli Ramoso Piracicaba Precoce, were used and were treated with the following sinigrin solutions: 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg mL-1 in solution 5% of Tween 20® and a control with Tween solution. Duration and viability of larval and pupal periods, pupal weight, longevity and sex ratio, female fertility, incubation period and egg viability were evaluted. The corected reproductive potential index (PRC) was also calculated. The mens were analyzed by the multivariate analysis of grouping and of main components. The PRC treatments presented 0.2 mg mL-1 in cabbage with larger reproductive potential. The multivariate analysis provided discrimination of treatments regarding the smaller tested concentration. By the results it is possible to conclude that low concentrations of sinigrin, in cabbage and broccoli, allow better development for P. xylostella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turnip greens (Brassica rapa ) are commonly consumed in the southern U.S.A. Typically, they have a bitter taste, which increases with maturity, probably because of increased levels of glucosinolates. While glucosinolate degradation products have been isolated from various members of the Brassica family, the effect of variety and maturity on these products has not been determined. This study focused on the glucosinolate degradation products of three varieties of turnip greens: Purple Top, Seven Top and Tokyo Cross, harvested 45, 60 and 75 days after planting. Four volatile components (benzene acetonitrile, benzene propane nitrile, 1H-indole-3-acetonitrile and benzene ethyl isothiocyanate) were isolated, identified and quantified. All increased significantly (P < 0.05) as the greens matured; however, onlybenzene propane nitrile and 1H-indole-3-acetonitrile were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]