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Participants from an individualistic society (USA) were compared with participants from a collectivistic society (Turkey) in terms of moral reasoning and orientation (justice and care). A total of 396 undergraduates (203 U.S. students, 193 Turkish students) between the ages of 18 and 46 years were administered the original version of the Defining Issues Test and the Measure of Moral Orientation. Turkish participants received higher mean principled scores than did the U.S. participants, and female participants received higher mean principled scores than did male participants. Turkish participants also scored significantly higher on the justice and care orientations than U.S. participants, and female participants scored significantly higher on the justice and care orientations than male participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothesizes significant differences in religiosity scores as a function of age. Correlations between religiosity and descriptions of character traits; Relationships between religiosity and identity formation during adolescence.

Focuses on intergenerational illiteracy in the United States and describes the Weber State University/Standard Examiner Literacy Project in Ogden, Utah that seeks to break the cycle of intergenerational illiteracy. Scope of literacy problems in the US; Causes of illiteracy; Family literacy programs; Background on the WSE/SE literacy program.

This article explores the relative importance that an individual gives to principled moral reasoning and to relativism with respect to positive and negative attitudes toward minorities and to traditional and modern forms of racism. Evidence suggests that traditional discrimination may have virtually disappeared in the States, although symbolic/modern racism remains evident. However, one of the major social problems of heterogeneous societies continues to be that of prejudice and discrimination. Results of the stepwise regression analyses indicated that among these university students, those individuals who were less oriented toward humanitarian and more oriented toward a Protestant ethic were more likely to express negative racial attitudes. Previous research has indicated that although racism based on traditional stereotypes has declined in the United States; racism based on the belief that minorities fail to conform to the traditional American moral values embodied in the Protestant Ethic continues to exist.