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This study investigated the development of two regional pronunciation features by 25 Spanish major or minors from a variety of universities in the United States who studied abroad for one semester in central Spain. Data were collected at the beginning, middle, and end of the semester using three tasks that ranged from reading a formal passage aloud to informal spontaneous speech. All tasks elicited the interdental and the uvular fricative, both salient phonological features of Castilian Spanish. Several linguistic and extralinguistic factors may account for the increase in use of the features throughout the semester by a small percentage of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Document similarity metrics such as PubMed's 'Find related articles' feature, which have been primarily used to identify studies with similar topics, can now also be used to detect duplicated or potentially plagiarized papers within literature reference databases. However, the CPU-intensive nature of document comparison has limited MEDLINE text similarity studies to the comparison of abstracts, which constitute only a small fraction of a publication's total text. Extending searches to include text archived by online search engines would drastically increase comparison ability. For large-scale studies, submitting short phrases encased in direct quotes to search engines for exact matches would be optimal for both individual queries and programmatic interfaces. We have derived a method of analyzing statistically improbable phrases (SIPs) for assistance in identifying duplicate content., Results: When applied to MEDLINE citations, this method substantially improves upon previous algorithms in the detection of duplication citations, yielding a precision and recall of 78.9% (versus 50.3% for eTBLAST) and 99.6% (versus 99.8% for eTBLAST), respectively., Availability: Similar citations identified by this work are freely accessible in the Déjà vu database, under the SIP discovery method category at http://dejavu.vbi.vt.edu/dejavu/.