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Wetlands are valuable ecosystems because they are highly productive, support a wide range of wildlife, and serve as hotspots for biogeochemical cycling. Historically, vast areas of wetlands in the United States (US) were drained and converted to agriculture. Efforts are currently underway to restore wetland and floodplain functioning across the US and elsewhere. Re-wetting historically drained and farmed soils can potentially liberate legacy phosphorus (P) to surface waters as soluble reactive P (SRP), offsetting P retained by sedimentation during floods. A better understanding of the controls on SRP release is needed to estimate net P retention in these settings. Soil P saturation ratio (PSR) and soil P storage capacity (SPSC) are two proxies for SRP runoff risk that have shown promise for characterizing restored wetlands but require further testing. In this study, we examined soils at 42 riparian sites ranging from active farms to mature wetlands in the Vermont portion of the Lake Champlain Basin (USA), where phosphorus load reduction is a critical goal to achieve in-lake water quality targets. We additionally quantified potential SRP release to overlying water using intact soil cores from 20 plots spanning 14 sites. Final SRP concentrations in intact cores spanned two orders of magnitude and were predicted well by SPSC and PSR. SRP release was greatest at more recently and frequently farmed sites. Several soil properties, including PSR and SPSC, were correlated with farming frequency and time since farming, indicating that SRP release could be mapped using existing geodata for soils, hydrology and land use. Our findings confirm that soil SRP release during flooding needs to be considered in estimates of net P balance for restored riparian wetlands in agricultural landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore asset pricing in the context of the one-sector Benhabib-Farmer-Guo (BFG) model with increasing returns to scale in production and compare our results with financial implications of the standard dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Our main goal is to determine the effects of local indeterminacy and the presence of sunspot shocks on asset pricing. We find that the BFG model does not adequately represent key stylized facts of U.S. capital markets and does not improve on the asset-pricing results obtained in the standard DSGE model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the historical materials used for the book 'Roger Malvin's Burial,' by novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne in the U.S. Author's employment of written material; Stimulation of the interest of the author; Interest of the author in the border fight of countries and states.

Traces the publication of various issues of the American novel 'The Memoirs of Lafitte.' Background of the story of the novel; Editions and different versions of the novel available.

Objective: To determine the positivity rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) testing among universal, hearing-targeted CMV testing (HT-cCMV) and delayed targeted dried blood spot (DBS) testing newborn screening programs, and to examine the characteristics of successful HT-cCMV testing programs., Study Design: Prospective survey of birth hospitals performing early CMV testing., Setting: Multiple institutions., Methods: Birth hospitals participating in the National Institutes of Health ValEAR clinical trial were surveyed to determine the rates of cCMV positivity associated with 3 different testing approaches: universal testing, HT-cCMV, and DBS testing. A mixed methods model was created to determine associations between successful HT-cCMV screening and specific screening protocols., Results: Eighty-two birth hospitals were surveyed from February 2019 to December 2021. Seven thousand six hundred seventy infants underwent universal screening, 9017 infants HT-cCMV and 535 infants delayed DBS testing. The rates of cCMV positivity were 0.5%, 1.5%, and 7.3%, respectively. The positivity rate for universal CMV screening was less during the COVID-19 pandemic than that reported prior to the pandemic. There were no statistically significant drops in positivity for any approach during the pandemic. For HT-cCMV testing, unique order sets and rigorous posttesting protocols were associated with successful screening programs., Conclusion: Rates of cCMV positivity differed among the 3 approaches. The rates are comparable to cohort studies reported in the literature. Universal CMV prevalence decreased during the pandemic but not significantly. Institutions with specific order set for CMV testing where the primary care physician orders the test and the nurse facilitates the testing process exhibited higher rates of HT-cCMV testing., (© 2024 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.)

In Spring 2021, the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant began to cause increases in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in parts of the United States. At the time, with slowed vaccination uptake, this novel variant was expected to increase the risk of pandemic resurgence in the US in summer and fall 2021. As part of the COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, an ensemble of nine mechanistic models produced 6-month scenario projections for July-December 2021 for the United States. These projections estimated substantial resurgences of COVID-19 across the US resulting from the more transmissible Delta variant, projected to occur across most of the US, coinciding with school and business reopening. The scenarios revealed that reaching higher vaccine coverage in July-December 2021 reduced the size and duration of the projected resurgence substantially, with the expected impacts was largely concentrated in a subset of states with lower vaccination coverage. Despite accurate projection of COVID-19 surges occurring and timing, the magnitude was substantially underestimated 2021 by the models compared with the of the reported cases, hospitalizations, and deaths occurring during July-December, highlighting the continued challenges to predict the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination uptake remains critical to limiting transmission and disease, particularly in states with lower vaccination coverage. Higher vaccination goals at the onset of the surge of the new variant were estimated to avert over 1.5 million cases and 21,000 deaths, although may have had even greater impacts, considering the underestimated resurgence magnitude from the model., Competing Interests: ST, CS, MQ, LM, RB, KS, EH, LC, JL, JK, HH, MK, KT, SW, LS, KR, JL, JD, JK, EL, JP, AH, DK, MC, JD, KM, XX, AP, AV, AS, PP, SV, AA, BL, BK, JO, MO, GH, BH, JC, AV, MM, SH, PB, DM, SC, RP, DJ, JT, MG, TY, SP, JH, RS, MB, MJ, CV No competing interests declared, JL has served as an expert witness on cases where the likely length of the pandemic was of issue, JS and Columbia University disclose partial ownership of SK Analytics. Discloses consulting for BNI, MR reports stock ownership in Becton Dickinson & Co, which manufactures medical equipment used in COVID testing, vaccination, and treatment

An unexpected finding of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1967, was that patients in countries outside Europe and the United States have a more favourable short- and medium-term course of the disease than those seen in developed countries. Since then, WHO has intensified its schizophrenia research programme and has initiated a set of international studies that have confirmed these initial findings and explored possible reasons for such differences in the course and outcome of schizophrenia. While such work has provided important findings and has generated additional pertinent hypotheses, it did not explain the differences in outcome. The present paper describes a new initiative in which approximately 2500 subjects involved in previous WHO multicentre schizophrenia studies are being followed up for between 15 and 25 years after initial examination. Nineteen research centres in 16 countries are taking part in this work. The research methodology is described.

Spatial Orientation (SO) under flight conditions is the accurate "integration" of sensory inputs from the dynamic aviation environment that result in safe and effective goal-oriented performance. Insidious sensory mismatches routinely occur during flight, impeding pilot performance. When this sensory dissonance occurs, if not appropriately resolved, it will result in perceived or actual errors in aircraft control that are estimated to cost the Air Force between $150 and $200M per annum in aircraft accidents. A scientific survey was created and administered to 96 F-16C combat pilots after their return from Desert Storm. The survey sought to determine where in the flight profile, and under what conditions, spatial disorientation (SD) episodes occurred. The survey consisted of multiple choice and open-ended questions. The analyses of the data revealed that visual transitions from inside to outside the cockpit (or the reciprocal) under different conditions of flight were associated with the occurrence of SD episodes. The frequency of SD episodes varied depending on visual transitions (or no visual transitions) and types of flight conditions (for example, nighttime and bad weather). This SD survey provided flight information that allowed us to direct research to those areas that were problematic during combat operations.