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Experiential learning has played an integral role in curricular innovation since the inception of North American sport management education. However, internationally, work-integrated learning, and specifically cooperative education, have proven to be robust methods for preparing students for the workforce with little to no mention of these terms as applied to sport management curricula in the United States. This educational research review positions involving both of these structured pedagogies that combine classroom instruction with highly contextualized, authentic work experiences of at least two semesters to improve experiential learning and calls for more research to be done to demonstrate its efficacy. Recommendations are made to spur faculty to consider ways these pedagogies can be applied to their sport management curricula. In addition, this review addresses keys to successfully implement them on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Underage drinking and its effects have been researched extensively. However, no study to date has examined how the levels of drinking that have been defined as risky for adults might relate to youth who have a heightened physiological vulnerability to alcohol.Objectives: To examine a range of drinking measures that go beyond common measures of youth alcohol use to gain a more detailed understanding of the nature of underage drinking and its associated correlates and outcomes.Methods: Analyzing data from a 2013 nationally representative US survey, we examined a variety of measures of alcohol use among 24,445 youth (weighted N = 381,155,562), the demographic groups most likely to have reported drinking in these ways, and associations between these measures of drinking and a number of adverse outcomes.Results: On all measures of potentially risky drinking, including meeting diagnostic criteria for an alcohol use disorder, underage drinkers exceeded the rates found for adults. Independent of sex, race, and age, youth who reported drinking in ways that exceeded guidelines set for adults had increased odds of meeting diagnostic criteria for an alcohol, tobacco, or other drug use disorder, and of reporting a number of health problems.Conclusions: The high rates at which youth report engaging in a range of risky drinking behaviors suggest a need for a more nuanced approach to substance use and mental health screening and interventions in clinical practice. The findings also underscore the need to address apparent misconceptions about what constitutes unhealthy or unsafe alcohol use among youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abuse of controlled prescription medications in the United States exceeds that of all illicit drugs combined except marijuana and has grown considerably in the past decade. Although available through traditional channels, controlled prescription medications can also be purchased on the Internet without a prescription. This issue has gained the attention of federal regulators, law enforcement, and the media, but physician awareness of the problem is scarce. This article describes the nature of the problem and its magnitude, discusses the challenges to federal and private efforts to combat illegitimate online pharmacies, and outlines strategies for physicians to recognize and minimize the unwarranted effects of the availability of these medications on the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No Abstract available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The University of Mississippi has a contract with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to carry out a variety of research activities dealing with cannabis, including the Potency Monitoring (PM) program, which provides analytical potency data on cannabis preparations confiscated in the United States. This report provides data on 46,211 samples seized and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) during 1993–2008. The data showed an upward trend in the mean Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) content of all confiscated cannabis preparations, which increased from 3.4% in 1993 to 8.8% in 2008. Hashish potencies did not increase consistently during this period; however, the mean yearly potency varied from 2.5–9.2% (1993–2003) to 12.0–29.3% (2004–2008). Hash oil potencies also varied considerably during this period (16.8 ± 16.3%). The increase in cannabis preparation potency is mainly due to the increase in the potency of nondomestic versus domestic samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado has been offering professional development on climate change for middle and high school teachers since the summer of 2001. Our experience with educators has shown that teachers feel ill-prepared to share the science and implications of climate change research with their students. As a result of the extensive exposure of this topic in the media and the controversy that sometimes surrounds it, teachers are highly motivated to engage in professional development on this subject. A variety of professional development approaches are needed to reach a wide spectrum of educators whose learning preferences and personal and professional constraints may preclude participation in some professional development opportunities. This paper provides lessons learned from successful climate change professional development for teachers, including the importance of inquiry-based curriculum activities, the importance of an opportunity to "learn by doing" and to share their perspectives with their colleagues. Finally, development and continuation of the learning community, both among participants as well as with instructors and scientists, provides critical support to classroom educators, who can at times experience a sense of professional isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the development of the Unit Director's Certificate Course at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center. Topics included; Key functions; Remarks from Rebecca Reif, Dementia Unit Specialist, of Montgomery Place in Chicago, Illinois.

We conducted a national telephone survey of 900 adults in the United States to examine the attitudes of the adult public regarding underage drinking and a series of alcohol control policies aimed at reducing it. Three versions of the survey instrument were administered, each to one-third of the sample, with the versions varying in the stipulations of the policy options. Results showed high levels of public support for most of the alcohol control policies, with relatively lower support for those that would result in restrictions on adults' access to alcohol. Respondents' support of the policy options was significantly related to their sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics, such as sex, age, drinking frequency, and level of concern about underage drinking. The findings provide important guidelines to policymakers interested in garnering support for policies aimed at curtailing underage drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Although estimates of the amount and proportion of alcohol consumed by underage and adult drinkers have been reported, more accurate estimates are possible and the economic impact has not been explored. Objectives: To provide accurate estimates of underage and adult excessive drinking and to describe consumer expenditures linked to underage and adult excessive drinking. Design and Setting: Information was obtained from national data sets, including 1999 versions of the National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2000 US Census, and national data on consumption and consumer expenditures for alcohol, published by Adams Business Research. Participants: A total of 217 192 persons aged 12 years or older across 3 data sources. Main Outcome Measures: Amount as a proportion of total alcohol consumed and proportion of consumer expenditures on alcohol among underage (12-20 years) and adult excessive (≥21 years) drinkers. Results: The proportion of 12- to 20-year-olds who drink was estimated to be 50.0% using data from the YRBS; the proportion of adults aged 21 or older who drink was estimated to be 52.8% using data from the BRFSS. The estimated total number of drinks consumed per month was 4.21 billion; underage drinkers consumed 19.7% of this total. The amount of adult drinking that was excessive (>2 drinks per day) was 30.4%. Consumer expenditure on alcohol in the United States in 1999 was $116.2 billion; of that, $22.5 billion was attributed to underage drinking and $34.4 billion was attributed to adult excessive drinking. Conclusion: These data suggest that underage drinkers and adult excessive drinkers are responsible for 50.1% of alcohol consumption and 48.9% of consumer expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to learn about mainstream and residential school programs for deaf students in the United States from the perspective of the deaf person, and to present the experiences of clients of educational services in their own words. Data for this paper were collected through open-ended; in-depth interviews with 25 graduates from the National Technical Institute for the Deaf at Rochester Institute of Technology (NTID at RIT). The comments of informants suggest that there are advantages and disadvantages inherent in each educational model. For example, the selection of one model over another may involve `trading' academic for social opportunity. In particular, it is suggested that both kinds of school experiences play a critical role in the socialization of deaf people and the development of deaf community. It is recommended that further research be conducted to leant more about the perspectives of deaf people on educational services and to explore with them the long term as well as the immediate impact of different kinds of school environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an editorial discussing the second term of United States President George W. Bush. Speculation on the strategies that Bush and his administration must devise to tackle the budget and trade deficits; Need for reform in healthcare; Comments on domestic policies that may become controversial; Way that policies that are adopted in the U.S. have implications throughout the world.

Examines the effect of a college degree on occupational attainments of deaf adults in the United States. Influence of college on labor force status, type of job and earnings; Evaluation of college graduates' satisfaction toward their work experience; Comparison of the occupational attainments between graduates and non-graduates.

The article offers shares experiences of Georgia Librarians working from home during Covid-19 pandemic. Topics discussed include how they continued to provide library services and resources to their users.; challenges faced during the period; mentions story of Stephanie Bennett, Assistant Department Head of Access Services Georgia Gwinnett College and Maxine Hines Chriszt, Library Assistant at Cobb County Public Library System.

Objective: To examine sex differences and trends in comorbid disease and health care utilization in individuals with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease (PD).Design: Retrospective cohort study.Participants: Over 133,000 Medicare beneficiaries with a new PD diagnosis in 2002 followed through 2008.Methods: We compared the prevalence and cumulative incidence of common medical conditions, trends in survival and health care utilization between men and women with PD.Results: Female PD patients had higher adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of depression (IRR: 1.28, 1.25-1.31), hip fracture (IRR: 1.51, 1.45-1.56), osteoporosis (3.01, 2.92-3.1), and rheumatoid/osteoarthritis (IRR: 1.47, 1.43-1.51) than men. In spite of greater survival, women with PD used home health and skilled nursing facility care more often, and had less outpatient physician contact than men throughout the study period.Conclusions: Women experience a unique health trajectory after PD diagnosis as suggested by differing comorbid disease burden and health care utilization compared to men. Future studies of sex differences in care needs, care quality, comorbidity related disability, PD progression, and non-clinical factors associated with disability are needed to inform research agendas and clinical guidelines that may improve quality survival for women with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Although unhealthy substance use and addiction contribute to 1 in 4 deaths and are estimated to cost the US more than $740 billion annually, fewer than 12 hours of physician education over the 7 years of medical school and primary residency training specifically address alcohol and other drug-related issues. Addiction Medicine was formally recognized as a medical subspecialty in 2016 to address the need for physicians trained in prevention, treatment, and management of substance use. This study examines the characteristics of the Addiction Medicine fellowships in operation during this critical period in the subspecialty's development to identify needs and potential., Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey of Addiction Medicine Fellowship Directors from 46 fellowships accredited as of 2017 (43 in the United States and 3 in Canada). The response rate was 100%., Results: Directors estimated significant growth in available fellowship slots between 2016 to 2017 and 2017 to 2018 (F = 49.584, P < .001). The majority of Directors reported that demand for their graduates was high (79.5%). Fellow training in screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment spanned many substances and age groups, although fewer programs focused on nicotine and on adolescent populations. Notably, most directors reported that graduates completed waiver training to prescribe buprenorphine-naloxone (77.5%) and gained clinical experience in an opioid treatment setting (89.1%). Funding was the #1 need among 56.8% of Directors., Conclusions: Despite significant growth in Addiction Medicine fellowships over the past 6 years, meeting future workforce demands for Addiction Medicine specialists depends on access to funding to support fellowships.

Background: Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States and all over the world. Reports indicate that the potency of cannabis preparation has been increasing. This report examines the concentration of cannabinoids in illicit cannabis products seized by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration over the last 2 decades, with particular emphasis on Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol., Methods: Samples in this report were received over time from materials confiscated by the Drug Enforcement Administration and processed for analysis using a validated gas chromatography with flame ionization detector method., Results: Between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2014, 38,681 samples of cannabis preparations were received and analyzed. The data showed that although the number of marijuana samples seized over the last 4 years has declined, the number of sinsemilla samples has increased. Overall, the potency of illicit cannabis plant material has consistently increased over time since 1995 from ~4% in 1995 to ~12% in 2014. The cannabidiol content has decreased on average from ~.28% in 2001 to <.15% in 2014, resulting in a change in the ratio of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol to cannabidiol from 14 times in 1995 to ~80 times in 2014., Conclusions: There is a shift in the production of illicit cannabis plant material from regular marijuana to sinsemilla. This increase in potency poses higher risk of cannabis use, particularly among adolescents., (Copyright © 2016 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study examines lessons learned from the design, implementation, and early results of an integrated managed care pilot program linking member benefits of a Medicare-Medicaid health care plan with community services and supports. The health plan's average monthly costs for members receiving an assessment and services declined by an economically meaningful, statistically significant amount in the postintervention period relative to the preintervention period compared with those who did not accept an assessment or services. The results along with the lesson learned from the pilot are viewed by the parties as supportive of further program development.

Addiction is a complex brain disease with frequently overlapping expressions involving nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs. Yet current health care practices, public policies, and national treatment data too often exclude nicotine or address its use as completely separate from other forms of substance use and addiction, compromising patients' health and incurring unnecessary health care costs. Effective prevention and treatment requires the inclusion of nicotine in a comprehensive approach addressing all manifestations of addiction within health care policy and practice.

The Collaborative Initiative to Help End Chronic Homelessness (CICH) was established to provide housing and supportive services for individuals experiencing chronic homelessness. As part of this initiative, 11 projects across the country received funding to apply models of best practices to support their clients in housing. This paper reports on the experiences of the CICH projects in their use of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) and Motivational Interviewing (MI), clinical practice models commonly used by CICH projects. A qualitative analysis identified five areas of challenge for the projects: (1) Incomplete and underdeveloped staff teams; (2) Incomplete understanding of the practice models; (3) Using the elements of the practice models; (4) Interagency teaming; and (5) Competing expectations of multiple federal agencies. The paper describes the specific challenges in each of the five areas as well as training approaches and gaps in training and the perceived benefits of the practice models as reported by project staff.

Objectives: To document quantity and cash value of underage and adult Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)-defined abusive and dependent drinking as well as underage drinking and adult DSM-IV-defined abusive and dependent drinking combined to the alcohol industry., Design: Analysis of multiple cross-sectional national data sets., Setting: The 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, the 2000 US Census, the 2000 to 2001 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, and the 2001 Adams Business Research., Participants: A total of 260,580 persons aged 12 years and older across 4 data sources., Main Exposure: Underage drinking or pathological drinking defined as meeting the DSM-IV criteria for abusive or dependent drinking., Main Outcome Measures: Total amount of alcohol consumed and the cash value for alcohol consumed among underage and adult drinkers with DSM-IV-defined alcohol abuse and dependence as well as all underage drinkers combined with adult drinkers with DSM-IV-defined alcohol abuse and dependence., Results: The short-term cash value of underage drinking to the alcohol industry was 22.5 billion dollars in 2001-17.5% of total consumer expenditures for alcohol. The long-term commercial value of underage drinking is the contribution of underage drinking to maintaining consumption among adult drinkers with alcohol abuse and dependence, which was equal to at least 25.8 billion dollars in 2001., Conclusions: The combined value of illegal underage drinking and adult pathological drinking to the industry was at least 48.3 billion dollars, or 37.5% of consumer expenditures for alcohol, in 2001. Alternative estimates suggest that these costs may be closer to 62.9 billion dollars, or 48.8% of consumer expenditures for alcohol.

HIV transmission through heterosexual contact remains the greatest risk factor for women globally. Topical microbicides applied intravaginally may offer a female-initiated HIV prevention option for many who are unable or unwilling to use male condoms or who would want additional protection. This article presents results of focus groups in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Providence, Rhode Island, and San Juan, Puerto Rico, with women who use crack or heroin or have male partners who inject illegal drugs. Participants revealed motivation for and openness to using microbicides effective against HIV should they become available. Additional lubrication during intercourse was one of several expected positive features of microbicides; women saw lubrication as a means of enhancing pleasure and reducing condom irritation and breakage while also protecting them from infection. Conversely, some women feared that their male partners would interpret excessive lubrication as an indication of infection, improper hygiene, or evidence of sex with another man. Focus groups also provided insight into how aspects of different women's sexual lives, including partner type, might influence the issues that would concern them if and when they tried out new microbicidal products in the future.