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Background: Use of vascular and cardiac devices has expanded and is associated with a relative, though disproportionate, increase in device-associated infections., Aim: To describe the association between cardiac/vascular device infections and outcomes in those with, and without systemic infections., Methods: We used the 2016 National Inpatient Sample and the International Classification of Diseases - 10 th revision codes to identify hospitalized individuals with vascular and cardiac device infections. Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to compare outcomes of death, length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs between individuals with and without systemic infection., Findings: There were a total of 65,110 hospitalizations associated with device infections with a mean age of 61.3 ± 15.9 years (standard deviation); 28,650 (44%) had systemic infections. Elixhauser comorbidity scores of three or greater were observed in 91.2% of individuals with systemic infections along with a higher prevalence of diabetes, renal disease and heart failure. The primary outcome of mortality was observed in 3965 individuals with an odds ratio of 3.97 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.92-3.95) in those with systemic infections compared with those without. Mean LOS was 3.44 days longer (95% CI, 2.92-3.95) and mean cost was US$11,776 greater (95% CI, US$9826-12,727) in the systemic infection cohort., Conclusion: Systemic cardiac and vascular device infections were associated with increased mortality, LOS and costs. Considering the increasing use of these life-saving devices, further work is needed to identify those at risk for infectious complications, particularly systemic infection, in order to enhance preventative strategies and improve health outcomes., (Copyright © 2020 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Trends in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections have been studied previously. However, coding for administrative data is more granular in contemporary data sets and indications for CIED implantation have expanded., Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an update on the rates of CIED infection and the influence of different variables including sex, length of stay (LOS), and costs in the United States., Methods: Data from the 2016 Healthcare Care and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database were utilized. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes were used to track CIED infections. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected including Elixhauser comorbidities. The univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to assess mortality, costs, and LOS., Results: Of 191,610 CIED implantations identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database in 2016, 8060 infections (4.2%) were identified. The in-hospital mortality rate for these patients was 4.7%. The majority of patients (68.9%) with CIED infection had ≥3 Elixhauser comorbidities. Women had decreased LOS and costs compared with men, and patients with ≥3 comorbidities had increased costs and LOS., Conclusion: We identified that the majority of patients with CIED infection had ≥3 comorbidities that were associated with increased costs and LOS. The observed sex differences in health care resource utilization and in-hospital costs among patients admitted with CIED infection requires further exploration. Patients with increased numbers of comorbidities should be recognized and managed carefully peri-CIED implantation given their increased risk of infection and use of health care resources., (Copyright © 2020 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)