Search

There is a growing recognition that sex differences lead to variations in the way that diabetes manifests itself, and that the condition should be managed differently in women compared with men. This article explores some of the ways that women with diabetes are affected across their reproductive lives, such as by complications during pregnancy and risk of early menopause, and the elevated risks of a number of other complications, most notably including a range of cardiovascular diseases. It makes the case for developing a greater understanding of these sex-specific differences in order to provide tailored and effective treatment. Women with diabetes should collaborate with the healthcare professionals providing their care to develop personalised management plans that account for these sex-related differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited evidence exists about the prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in individuals with diabetes in the U.S. We aimed to address such knowledge gaps using a nationally representative study dataset. We conducted a secondary analysis from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (1996–2018). The sample for examining the prevalence of MCI was14,988, with 4192 (28.0%) having diabetes, while the sample for the incidence was 21,824, with 1534 (28.0%) having diabetes. Participants with diabetes had a higher prevalence of MCI than those without diabetes (19.9 % vs. 14.8 %; odds ratio [95 % confidence interval] (OR[95 %CI]): 1.468 [1.337, 1.611], p <.001). The incidence of MCI in participants with/without newly diagnosed diabetes was 42.9 % vs. 31.6 % after a mean 10-year follow-up, with the incidence rate ratio (IRR) [95 %CI] (1.314 [1.213, 1.424], p <.001). Newly diagnosed diabetes was associated with elevated risks of MCI compared with non-diabetes, with the uncontrolled hazard ratio (HR) [95 %CI] (1.498 [1.405, 1.597], p <.001). Using a nationally representative study data in the U.S., participants with diabetes had a higher prevalence and incidence of MCI than those without diabetes. Findings show the importance of developing interventions tailored to the needs of individuals with diabetes and cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major epidemics in the United States. It is heavily associated with obesity and multiple metabolic derangements that lead to long term morbidity, mortality as well as financial burden. Although medical therapy has been the mainstay in the management of diabetes mellitus, there remains a large portion of this patient population which struggles to obtain adequate glycemic control and long-term weight control with medical management alone. Bariatric surgery is a powerful tool in combating diabetes mellitus and affects glucose homeostasis through a variety of pathways. While it does provide a durable pathway for weight loss, improvement in glucose homeostasis is not only affected by the weight loss seen after bariatric surgery. Changes in gut hormone secretion, insulin regulation, and gut microbial composition also affect how these operations improve glucose homeostasis. Through improvement in the management of diabetes mellitus, comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, in turn demonstrate improvement. In this article, we will discuss the role of bariatric (metabolic) surgery as it relates to long term weight loss and the impact that weight loss has on improvement in diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in the U.S. from 2011 to 2013 which examine the connection between diagnosed diabetes and trouble seeing. Details about sample characteristics by diagnosed diabetes and multivariate analysis of factors linked with trouble seeing are provided. The study showed a larger association between diagnosed diabetes and the visual problem.