21 results on '"Collins, Megan"'
Search Results
2. Pediatric and School-Age Vision Screening in the United States: Rationale, Components, and Future Directions.
- Author
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Ambrosino, Christina, Dai, Xi, Antonio Aguirre, Bani, and Collins, Megan E.
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PATIENT aftercare ,SCHOOL health services ,COLOR vision ,EYE care ,MEDICAL screening ,LABORATORIES ,AMBLYOPIA ,MEDICAL protocols ,VISUAL acuity ,AUTOMATION ,MEDICAL referrals ,VISION disorders ,GOAL (Psychology) ,REFRACTIVE errors ,EYE examination ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,COVID-19 pandemic ,DISEASE risk factors ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Pediatric vision screening detects children at risk for visual conditions with the goal of connecting those in need with an eye care provider for evaluation and treatment. The primary aim for vision screening in younger children is the detection of those at risk for amblyopia, which can result in irreversible vision loss if left untreated. In older children, screening goals broaden to include the detection of risk for uncorrected refractive error. In the United States, professional organization guidelines and state-mandated requirements for vision screening vary widely across both the timing and components of screening. In this article, we describe the goals and components of pediatric vision screenings, current challenges, novel approaches to providing follow-up services through school-based vision programs, and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Attitudes & practices surrounding pregnancy post heart transplant among pediatric providers.
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Collins, Megan M., Ou, Zhining, Millar, Morgan M., Kittleson, Michelle M., May, Lindsay J., Ploutz, Michelle S., Molina, Kimberly M., Hayes, Katherine G., and Lal, Ashwin K.
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HEART transplantation , *EPIDEMIOLOGICAL transition , *PREGNANCY , *TRANSITION to adulthood , *LUNG transplantation , *FISHER exact test - Abstract
Many pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients reach adulthood and may be interested in family planning; there is little data regarding safety of pregnancy post HT and clinicians' opinions differ. Pediatric HT clinicians are instrumental in early counseling. Thus, a better understanding of pediatric HT clinicians' practices regarding family planning and how well aligned these practices are with adult transplant centers is essential. We conducted a confidential, web-based survey of pediatric HT clinicians in fall 2021. We summarized and compared answers using Fisher's exact test. The survey was sent to 53 United States-based HT directors and to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation and Pediatric Heart Transplant Society list serves. There were 69 respondents. The majority (77%) of respondents felt pregnancy was feasible in selected or all female HT recipients. Ten respondents reported that their institution had an established policy regarding pregnancy post HT. A majority (77%) of HT clinicians would either use a shared care model or recommend transition to their adult institution if pregnancy occurred, though 74% of respondents were either unaware of their corresponding adult institution's policy (62%) or had a counterpart adult program with a policy against pregnancy post HT (12%). While many clinicians feel pregnancy is feasible in pediatric HT recipients, there remains significant practice variation. Few pediatric programs have a policy regarding pregnancy post HT. Future efforts to provide consistent messaging between adult and pediatric HT programs regarding the feasibility and care of post HT pregnancy are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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4. Innovative Strategies for Occupational Therapy Education Delivery during Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Beyond: A Perspective.
- Author
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Sen, Sanchala K., Edwards Collins, Megan E., and Ingram, Chinno D.
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UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *OCCUPATIONAL therapy education , *OCCUPATIONAL therapy students , *TEACHING methods , *CURRICULUM , *MASTERS programs (Higher education) , *QUALITY assurance , *EDUCATORS , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 posed a challenging situation for all educational programs. This perspective provides an insight into what three instructors in a Master of Science in Occupational Therapy program in the United States did to overcome these challenges and provide quality education to the students. In addition, strategies are provided on how to conduct lectures, laboratories, and clinical competencies and practicums across eight courses. Technologies utilized in the delivery of these courses are provided with an emphasis on what worked best for different classes. Feedback from the students validated that the educational format used was beneficial to them in furthering their knowledge. The insights gained from this experience have helped the instructors to improve their knowledge of technology, increase their flexibility, and design their courses in innovative ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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5. Public Attitudes Regarding Hospitals and Physicians Encouraging Donations From Grateful Patients.
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Jagsi, Reshma, Griffith, Kent A., Carrese, Joseph A., Collins, Megan, Kao, Audiey C., Konrath, Sara, Tovino, Stacey A., Wheeler, Jane L., and Wright, Scott M.
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OCCUPATIONAL roles ,HOSPITALS ,RESEARCH ,GIFT giving ,RESEARCH methodology ,PATIENTS ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,FUNDRAISING ,PATIENT psychology ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,ECONOMICS ,INCOME ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH attitudes ,PHYSICIANS ,DEMOGRAPHY ,TUMORS ,LONGITUDINAL method ,HEART diseases ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
Importance: Philanthropy is an increasingly important source of support for health care institutions. There is little empirical evidence to inform ethical guidelines.Objective: To assess public attitudes regarding specific practices used by health care institutions to encourage philanthropic donations from grateful patients.Design, Setting, and Participants: Using the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, a probability-based sample representative of the US population, a survey solicited opinions from a primary cohort representing the general population and 3 supplemental cohorts (with high income, cancer, and with heart disease, respectively).Exposures: Web-based questionnaire.Main Outcomes and Measures: Descriptive analyses (with percentages weighted to make the sample demographically representative of the US population) evaluated respondents' attitudes regarding the acceptability of strategies hospitals may use to identify, solicit, and thank donors; perceptions of the effect of physicians discussing donations with their patients; and opinions regarding gift use and stewardship.Results: Of 831 individuals targeted for the general population sample, 513 (62%) completed surveys, of whom 246 (48.0%) were women and 345 (67.3%) non-Hispanic white. In the weighted sample, 47.0% (95% CI, 42.3%-51.7%) responded that physicians giving patient names to hospital fundraising staff after asking patients' permission was definitely or probably acceptable; 8.5% (95% CI, 5.7%-11.2%) endorsed referring without asking permission. Of the participants, 79.5% (95% CI, 75.6%-83.4%) reported it acceptable for physicians to talk to patients about donating if patients have brought it up; 14.2% (95% CI, 10.9%-17.6%) reported it acceptable when patients have not brought it up; 9.9% (95% CI, 7.1%-12.8%) accepted hospital development staff performing wealth screening using publicly available data to identify patients capable of large donations. Of the participants, 83.2% (95% CI, 79.5%-86.9%) agreed that physicians talking with their patients about donating may interfere with the patient-physician relationship. For a hypothetical patient who donated $1 million, 50.1% (95% CI, 45.4%-54.7%) indicated it would be acceptable for the hospital to show thanks by providing nicer hospital rooms, 26.0% (95% CI, 21.9%-30.1%) by providing expedited appointments, and 19.8% (95% CI, 16.1%-23.5%) by providing physicians' cell phone numbers.Conclusions and Relevance: In this survey study of participants drawn from the general US population, a substantial proportion did not endorse legally allowable approaches for identifying, engaging, and thanking patient-donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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6. Referral to community care from school-based eye care programs in the United States.
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Shakarchi, Ahmed F. and Collins, Megan E.
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EYE care , *EYE examination , *CHILD care , *MEDICAL screening , *REFRACTIVE errors , *COMMUNITIES - Abstract
Approximately 25% of school-aged children in the United States have vision abnormalities, most commonly refractive error that can be corrected with spectacles. Limited follow-up adherence after failed school-based vision screening led to an increase in school-based eye care programs that provide screening, eye examinations, and spectacle prescription at the school. These programs address the access barrier and often provide the first point of contact between children and eye care. Nevertheless, several lower prevalence conditions, such as amblyopia, strabismus, and glaucoma, cannot be adequately treated in the school setting, and some require frequent and long-term follow-up, necessitating referral to eye care providers in the community. We conducted a literature review and identified 10 programs that provided school-based screening, examinations, and spectacle prescription and reviewed their referral rates, criteria, mechanisms, adherence, ocular findings at referral, and long-term care plans. Most programs referred 1% to 5% of screened children. Most communicated with parents or guardians through referral letters and used various strategies to incentivize adherence. Referral adherence was 20-50% in the four programs that reported these data. School-based eye care programs rarely referred children for long-term follow-up care needs, such as updating spectacle prescriptions annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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7. Children of Incarcerated Parents: Considerations for Professional School Counselors.
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Warren, Jeffrey M., Coker, Gwendolyn L., and Collins, Megan L.
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PROFESSIONAL schools ,SCHOOL children ,COUNSELORS ,IMPRISONMENT ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
The rate of school-aged children with incarcerated parents continues to rise in the United States. These children are especially prone to experiencing social-emotional, behavioral, and academic issues in school as a result of various factors, including general strain and stress associated with incarceration. Given their unique role in schools, professional school counselors are well positioned to provide support to children of incarcerated parents. This article presents a review of relevant literature, including key theories that explain the challenges faced by children with incarcerated parents. The impact of incarceration on children as well as protective and risk factors are presented. Finally, strategies and resources school counselors can use when working with this population are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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8. HOST SPECIFICITY AMONG ANCYROCEPHALINAE (MONOGENOIDEA) OF NEBRASKA SUNFISH.
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Collins, Megan R. and Jr., J. Janovy
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HOST-parasite relationships ,FISH parasites ,BASSES (Fish) ,SUNFISHES ,CENTRARCHIDAE ,MONOGENEA ,TREMATODA ,PARASITOLOGY - Abstract
Studies the patterns of host specificity among Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenoidea) on bass and sunfish species found in Nebraska. Ability of centarchid species to inhabit the same pond while supporting distinct monogenes; Identification of host relatedness as the major factor in determining whether host species shared a common parasite species; Variation in the degree of specificity shown by some parasite species according to the pond and host species mix.
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- 2003
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9. Navigating the Ethical Boundaries of Grateful Patient Fundraising.
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Collins, Megan E., Rum, Steven A., and Sugarman, Jeremy
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HEALTH research fundraising , *FUNDRAISING , *HEALTH funding , *CHARITABLE giving , *MEDICAL education finance , *ETHICS , *CONFLICT of interests , *MEDICAL ethics , *PATIENTS , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *PHYSICIANS , *GIFT giving - Abstract
This Viewpoint summarizes what little is known about physician fundraising from their patients, and outlines an agenda for research and education to help ensure that the fundraising is conducted in an ethically appropriate manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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10. Vaccinating Teachers Is Just One Part of the Reopening Puzzle.
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Faden, Ruth, Crane, Matthew A., Anderson, Annette, and Collins, Megan
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COVID-19 pandemic , *VACCINATION , *TEACHERS , *SCHOOL safety , *STUDENT health , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
The author argues that vaccinating teachers does little to address the concerns of some parents who continue to feel that schools are not safe for their children and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Topics discussed include the U.S. government's plan to vaccinate all K-12 teachers and child-care workers, ethnic group and income bracket of parents keeping their children at home, and the debate over school safety and the reopening of schools across the country.
- Published
- 2021
11. Considerations in Building a School-Based Vision Program.
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Ambrosino CM, Callan J, Wiggins TMS, Repka MX, and Collins ME
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- Humans, Child, United States, Health Services Accessibility, Program Development methods, Vision Screening methods, School Health Services organization & administration, School Nursing methods, Vision Disorders
- Abstract
The burden of childhood visual impairment and disparities in access to pediatric vision care remain pressing issues in the United States. School-based vision programs (SBVPs) serve as one approach to advancing health equity. Operating at the intersection of schools and healthcare, SBVPs can increase access to pediatric vision services, improve academic performance, and facilitate referrals to community vision care providers. To maximize their impact, SBVPs must tailor their services to the individual needs and resources of local school communities. School nurses, who have strong ties to school health care services and the school community, are trusted partners in building SBVPs. This article aims to facilitate SBVP development, implementation, and sustainability processes by offering guidance for school nurses and other stakeholders who aim to build a SBVP, support local programs, or learn more about how SBVPs operate., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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12. Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics with Pediatric Vision Screening and Eye Care: An Analysis of the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health.
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Antonio-Aguirre B, Block SS, Asare AO, Baldanado K, Ciner EB, Coulter RA, DeCarlo DK, Drews-Botsch C, Fishman D, Hartmann EE, Killeen OJ, Yuen J, and Collins ME
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- Child, Humans, United States epidemiology, Child Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Income, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vision Screening
- Abstract
Purpose: Vision screening and regular eye care can help detect and treat potentially irreversible vision impairment. This study aims to investigate the associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and the receipt of eye care among children aged 17 years and younger in the United States., Design: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a nationally representative and population-based survey of randomly sampled households., Participants: Participants were children aged 0 to 17 years, residing in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, whose caregivers or parents answered an address-based survey by mail or online., Methods: Weighted prevalence calculations were applied to analyze the data, and logistic regression was performed to explore associations between reported eye care and demographic, health, and parent-related variables., Main Outcome Measures: Caregiver-reported vision screenings, referral to an eye doctor after vision screening, eye doctor visits, and prescription of corrective lenses., Results: Caregivers reported that 53.2% of children had a vision screening at least once (if child ≤ 5 years) or within the past 2 years (if child > 5 years). Of those screened, 26.9% were referred to an eye doctor. Overall, 38.6% of all children had a previous eye doctor visit, and among them, 55.4% were prescribed corrective lenses during the visit. Factors associated with decreased odds of vision screening included younger age, lack of health care visits, no insurance coverage, parent education high school or less, and lower household income. Non-White ethnicities, households with a non-English primary language, and lower incomes were more likely to be referred to an eye doctor after vision screening. Lower rates of eye doctor visits were associated with younger age, lack of insurance coverage, and primary household languages other than English., Conclusions: Children from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to receive vision screening and eye care. Targeted strategies are needed to increase vision screening and access to eye care services in these vulnerable groups., Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references., (Copyright © 2023 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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13. Predictors of student mask mandate policies in United States school districts during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Klein LM, Johnson SB, Anderson AC, Beharry K, Faden R, Guo X, Kallem M, Nicklin A, Regenberg A, Tariq A, and Collins ME
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- Humans, United States epidemiology, Pandemics, Policy, Schools, Students, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Introduction: Although factors such as urbanicity, population demographics, and political affiliation have been linked with COVID-19 masking behavior and policy in community settings, little work has investigated factors associated with school mask policies. We sought to characterize United States state and school district student COVID-19 masking policies during the 2021-22 school year and determine predictors of these mandates at four time points, including before and after federal guidance relaxed school mask recommendations in February 2022., Methods: Student mask policies for US states and the District of Columbia, as well as a sample of 56 districts were categorized as prohibited, recommended, or required in September 2021, November 2021, January 2022, and March 2022 based on the Johns Hopkins eSchool+ Initiative School Reopening Tracker. Changes in policies over time were characterized. Generalized estimating equations and logistic regression were used to evaluate whether political affiliation of governor, urbanicity, economic disadvantage, and race/ethnic composition of district students, and county-level COVID-19 incidence predicted the presence of a district mask mandate at any time point and at all four time points., Results: State and district policies changed over time. Districts that implemented student mandates at any point were more likely to be in states with Democratic governors (AOR: 5.52; 95% CI: 2.23, 13.64) or in non-rural areas (AOR: 8.20; 95% CI: 2.63, 25.51). Districts that retained mask mandates at all four time points were more likely to have Democratic governors (AOR: 5.39; 95% CI: 2.69, 10.82) and serve a smaller proportion of economically disadvantaged students (AOR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99). Districts serving a larger proportion of students from minoritized racial/ethnic groups were more likely to have mask mandates at any or all timepoints. Notably, county-level COVID-19 prevalence was not related to the presence of a mask mandate at any or all time points. By March 2022, no factors were significantly associated with district mask policy., Discussion: Political, geographic, and demographic characteristics predicted the likelihood of student mask mandates in the 2021-22 school year. Public health promotion messages and policy must account for variation in these factors, potentially through centralized and consistent messaging and unbiased, trustworthy communication., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Klein, Johnson, Anderson, Beharry, Faden, Guo, Kallem, Nicklin, Regenberg, Tariq and Collins.)
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- 2023
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14. Missed Vision Screenings for School-Age Children During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Based Study of NASN Representatives.
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Antonio-Aguirre B, Emge G, and Collins M
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- Child, Humans, United States, Pandemics, Students, Vision Screening, COVID-19, School Nursing
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During the 2020-21 academic year, COVID-19-related educational disruptions impacted school-based vision screenings. However, limited information regarding changes in vision screening and the number of students impacted has been reported. Delayed screenings can negatively impact students' referral to eye care providers, which may affect a child's ability to see clearly and academic success. This study aims to describe changes in school-based vision screening practices through a survey of National Association of School Nurses state representatives (n = 49). Among states with vision screenings mandates, participants reported that 23.7% (9/38) states waived screenings, 31.6% (12/38) continued screenings, and 36.8% (14/38) modified requirements, such as grades screened or assessments included (e.g., color vision and stereoacuity screenings). These results suggest that millions of students across the United States missed vision screenings during the 2020-21 academic year. Efforts by education and school health stakeholders should be directed towards addressing the pandemic-related disruption in vision screening.
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- 2023
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15. Lessons Learned From School-Based Delivery of Vision Care in Baltimore, Maryland.
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Collins ME, Guo X, Repka MX, Neitzel AJ, and Friedman DS
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- Adolescent, Baltimore, Child, Child, Preschool, Eyeglasses, Humans, Program Evaluation, United States, Schools, Vision Screening
- Abstract
Abstract: In an effort to address health care disparities in pediatric eye care, school-based vision programs have been established. These programs, while not universally available, have been established at individual schools or across school districts in at least 20 states in the United States (US). They play a critical role for students who are not accessing eye care, especially in disadvantaged communities. In the US, school-based vision programs often provide vision screenings, eye exams, and eyeglasses directly in the school setting. The rationale for involving schools in vision care delivery is the recognition of the inter-relatedness between health and education, including how poor vision can impact learning. Vision for Baltimore is a citywide school-based vision program that provides vision care for all Baltimore City Public Schools elementary and middle school students (age range 4 to 16 years). The goal of this paper is to summarize lessons learned from our work on clinical outcomes from screenings and eye exams, the academic impact of Vision for Baltimore, and qualitative work about consent challenges and stakeholder engagement. While school-based vision programs may vary in operations, we hope the lessons learned through our work may help demonstrate the transformative impact on vision and learning, as well as the importance of addressing stakeholder needs to maximize impact and ensure program sustainability., Competing Interests: A product used in the study described in this publication was manufactured by Warby Parker. Dr. Collins was a paid consultant to Warby Parker at the time study was conducted. Dr. Collins is also a Member of Board of Directors at Warby Parker Foundation. This arrangement has been reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies., (Copyright © 2022 Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology.)
- Published
- 2022
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16. Advancing child health and educational equity during the COVID-19 pandemic through science and advocacy.
- Author
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Gur-Arie R, Johnson S, and Collins M
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- Child, Health Policy, Humans, Israel, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, United States, COVID-19, Child Health
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the changing role of scientists, clinicians, ethicists, and educators in advocacy as they rapidly translate their findings to inform practice and policy. Critical efforts have been directed towards understanding child well-being, especially with pandemic-related educational disruptions. While school closures were part of early widespread public health measures to curb the spread of COVID-19, they have not been without consequences for all children, and especially for children from disadvantaged backgrounds. In a recent Isr J Health Policy Res perspective, Paltiel and colleagues demonstrate the integral role of academic activism to promote child well-being during the pandemic by highlighting work of the multidisciplinary academic group on children and coronavirus (MACC). In this commentary, we explore parallels to MACC's work in an international context by describing the efforts of a multidisciplinary team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, to aggregate data, conduct analyses, and offer training tools intended to minimize health and educational inequities for children throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As both MACC and our work collectively demonstrates, multidisciplinary partnerships and public-facing data-driven initiatives are crucial to advocating for children's equitable access to quality health and education. This will likely not be the last pandemic that children experience in their lifetime. As such, efforts should be made to apply the lessons learned during the current pandemic to strengthen multidisciplinary academic-public partnerships which will continue to play a critical role in the future., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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17. A Comprehensive Review of State Vision Screening Mandates for Schoolchildren in the United States.
- Author
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Wahl MD, Fishman D, Block SS, Baldonado KN, Friedman DS, Repka MX, and Collins ME
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- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care, Educational Status, Female, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Male, Schools, State Health Plans legislation & jurisprudence, United States, Vision Screening legislation & jurisprudence, State Health Plans standards, Vision Disorders diagnosis, Vision Screening standards
- Abstract
Significance: Methods and frequency of vision screenings for school-aged children vary widely by state, and there has been no recent comparative analysis of state requirements. This analysis underscores the need for developing evidence-based criteria for vision screening in school-aged children across the United States., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct an updated comprehensive analysis of vision screening requirements for school-aged children in the United States., Methods: State laws pertaining to school-aged vision screening were obtained for each state. Additional information was obtained from each state's Department of Health and Education, through their websites or departmental representatives. A descriptive analysis was performed for states with data available., Results: Forty-one states require vision screening for school-aged children to be conducted directly in schools or in the community. Screening is more commonly required in elementary school (n = 41) than in middle (n = 30) or high school (n = 19). Distance acuity is the most commonly required test (n = 41), followed by color vision (n = 11) and near vision (n = 10). Six states require a vision screening annually or every 2 years., Conclusions: Although most states require vision screening for some school-aged children, there is marked variation in screening methods and criteria, where the screening occurs, and grade levels that are screened. This lack of standardization and wide variation in state regulations point to a need for the development of evidence-based criteria for vision screening programs for school-aged children., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Disclosure: None of the authors have reported a financial conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 American Academy of Optometry.)
- Published
- 2021
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18. Ethical Issues and Recommendations in Grateful Patient Fundraising and Philanthropy.
- Author
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Collins ME, Rum S, Wheeler J, Antman K, Brem H, Carrese J, Glennon M, Kahn J, Ohman EM, Jagsi R, Konrath S, Tovino S, Wright S, and Sugarman J
- Subjects
- Conflict of Interest, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Organizational Policy, Patients, United States, Fund Raising ethics, Gift Giving ethics
- Abstract
Grateful patients provide substantial philanthropic funding for health care institutions, resulting in important societal benefits. Although grateful patient fundraising (GPFR) is widespread, it raises an array of ethical issues for patients, physicians, development professionals, and institutions. These issues have not been described comprehensively, and there is insufficient guidance to inform the ethical practice of GPFR. Consequently, the authors convened a "Summit on the Ethics of Grateful Patient Fundraising," with the goal of identifying primary ethical issues in GPFR and offering recommendations regarding how to manage them. Participants were 29 experts from across the United States who represented the perspectives of bioethics, clinical practice, development, law, patients, philanthropy, psychology, and regulatory compliance. Intensive discussions resulted in articulating ethical issues for physicians and other clinicians (discussions with patients about philanthropy; physician-initiated discussions; clinically vulnerable patients; conflicts of obligation and equity regarding physician's time, attention, and responsiveness and the provision of special services; and transparency and respecting donor intent) as well as for development officers and institutions (transparency in the development professional-donor relationship; impact on clinical care; confidentiality and privacy; conflicts of interest; institution-patient/donor relationship; concierge services for grateful patients; scientific merit and research integrity; transparency in use of philanthropic gifts; and institutional policies and training in responsible GPFR). While these recommendations promise to mitigate some of the ethical issues associated with GPFR, important next steps include conducting research on the ethical issues in GPFR, disseminating these recommendations, developing standardized training for clinicians regarding them, and revising them as warranted.
- Published
- 2018
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19. Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties: Overview of reading development and assessments for the pediatric ophthalmologist.
- Author
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Collins ME, Mudie LI, Inns AJ, and Repka MX
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- Black or African American statistics & numerical data, Child, Child, Preschool, Health Status Disparities, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Humans, Ophthalmologists, Pediatrics, United States epidemiology, White People statistics & numerical data, Dyslexia ethnology, Educational Measurement statistics & numerical data, Learning Disabilities ethnology
- Abstract
Reading difficulties are common in the pediatric population, and large socioeconomic disparities exist. In the United States 46% of white children achieved expected reading proficiency by the end of fourth grade, while only 21% of Hispanic and 18% of African American children were reading at the expected level. Reading is an involved cognitive process with many subskills; likewise, development of reading proficiency is a complex and continuous process. Failure to achieve reading proficiency or even early difficulty with reading can affect a child's academic performance for years to come. Some studies suggest reading proficiency may be related to later success in life. Although many problems with reading are not related to vision, a vision assessment is recommended for children with reading difficulties and a suspected vision problem. The process of reading development as well as the varied educational assessments of reading are presented here for pediatric ophthalmologists., (Copyright © 2017 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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20. Recommendations for implementation of community consultation and public disclosure under the Food and Drug Administration's "Exception from informed consent requirements for emergency research": a special report from the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative and Critical Care: endorsed by the American College of Emergency Physicians and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
- Author
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Halperin H, Paradis N, Mosesso V Jr, Nichol G, Sayre M, Ornato JP, Gerardi M, Nadkarni VM, Berg R, Becker L, Siegler M, Collins M, Cairns CB, Biros MH, Vanden Hoek T, and Peberdy MA
- Subjects
- Ethics, Research, Humans, Referral and Consultation legislation & jurisprudence, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration legislation & jurisprudence, American Heart Association, Biomedical Research standards, Community-Institutional Relations, Emergency Medicine, Informed Consent legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2007
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21. Special challenges to the informed consent doctrine in the United States.
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Siegler M, Collins ME, and Cronin DC
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- Brain Death, Cognition Disorders psychology, Critical Illness psychology, Humans, Mental Competency legislation & jurisprudence, United States, Clinical Trials as Topic, Informed Consent legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2004
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