Search

Background: Young adults are adopting wearables ahead of research. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the use of trackers through Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Methods: SCT-guided individual interviews were conducted with young adults (n = 57). Typical case sampling was used to recruit college students (n = 35) and straight-to-work (STW) young adults (n = 22) for in-person/online interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo. Results: There were few differences between the two groups. Most reported little knowledge of the benefits/risks associated with their health behavior (eg, physical activity) but high expectations of how devices would assist them in developing/maintaining behavior. Self-regulatory aspects were seen as benefits. Many reported not setting goals other than those set by their device. Most reported increased self-efficacy and viewed their device as positive, nonjudgmental social support. Discussion: Young adult device use can be health directed or health related. Utilizing devices and SCT-based education may increase young adults' knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-regulation while managing expectations. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health Educators should focus on increasing health knowledge, managing expectations, and setting goals. Building on the increased self-efficacy and social support that young adults reported as part of their wearable activity tracker use could provide a solid foundation for Health Education efforts. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI)http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore preimmigration experiences of violence and postimmigration health status in male-to-female transgender individuals (n=45) from Mexico applying for asylum in the United States. Methods: We used a document review process to examine asylum declarations and psychological evaluations of transgender Mexican asylum seekers in the United States from 2012. We coded documents in 2013 and 2014 using NVivo, a multidisciplinary team reviewed them, and then we analyzed them for themes. Results: Mexican transgender asylum applicants experienced pervasive verbal, physical, and sexual abuse from multiple sources, including family, school, community, and police. Applicants also experienced discrimination in school and in the workplace. Applicants immigrated to the United States to escape persistent assaults and threats to their life. Applicants suffered health and psychological effects from their experiences in Mexico that affected opportunities in the United States for employment, education, and social inclusion. Conclusions: Additional social protections for transgender individuals and antidiscrimination measures in Mexican schools and workplaces are warranted as are increased mental health assessment and treatment, job training, and education services for asylum seekers in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexican male to female transgender asylum seekers in the United States suffer from serious health issues that can be attributed to stressors related to their transgender, ethnic minority, and socioeconomic status. This study explored these stressors, the resulting health issues, and the needs of this particularly vulnerable population. Asylum seekers’ (n = 45) sworn declarations and psychological evaluations were examined by a multidisciplinary research team using a systematic document review process. The review identified stressors that occurred both in Mexico and the United States: verbal, physical, and sexual assaults; unstable environments; fear for safety/security; hiding undocumented status; and economic insecurity. The health issues that resulted in part from these stressors include posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, sleep issues, isolation, avoidance, drug/alcohol use, and suicidal tendencies. Despite suffering from multiple health issues, asylum seekers rarely sought health or social services. Health promotion practitioners can play an important role in serving this silent minority by (1) expanding community-based research focused on the intersection of transgender, ethnic minority, and socioeconomic status; (2) using trusted community members to connect this population to necessary resources; (3) providing communication training/resource development for health care providers; and (4) creating a network of service organizations that understand the needs of transgender asylum seekers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the design of the process evaluation of a collaborative effort among community partners to address health issues in central Oklahoma. The design is an application of a sound process evaluation planning framework that integrates the components of context, reach, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, implementation, recruitment, barriers, and maintenance. The planning framework also provides guidance regarding the steps of designing and implementing the process evaluation. This planning process was conducted by utilizing a participatory research approach. At the end of the planning phase, the evaluation team accomplished the following: (a) development of an evaluation plan, (b) development of evaluation instruments (i.e., surveys, interview guides, observation forms), and (c) development of evaluation questions and process objectives. The information derived from this study can be valuable to practitioners and researchers involved in the planning of community partnerships or coalitions and interested in process evaluation that takes place in community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Except for individuals 65 years of age and older, no other group in the United States has an influenza vaccination rate above one-third of the population, even among groups that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend for priority annual seasonal influenza vaccination. To improve the vaccination rate we need to know more about influenza vaccine psychographics among indifferent or resistant individuals or the attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and values surrounding their decision not to obtain annual vaccination. This formative research project is based on eight focus group discussions with 74 individuals from groups that do not participate in influenza vaccination at rates similar to the general population and/or are members of identifiable high-risk groups about their perceptions and beliefs about the flu shot. Three audience segments were identified: Plans to Get, Needs More Information, and Makes You Sick. Because they have strongly held negative views toward the product, no special intervention should be directed toward the Makes You Sick segment. Since the actual product cannot be changed (vaccine), different aspects of the marketing mix of price, place, and promotion need to be adjusted to influence the Plans to Get and Needs More Information segments to obtain a vaccination. Ideas for appropriate promotional messages are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appearance is an indicator of age and life stage, which are linked to socially salient stereotypes and prejudices. Older adults' appearance-related perceptions and behaviors may affect their experiences of aging within broader society, which may in turn influence health. This study examined associations between two measures related to aging appearance-assessment of one's aging appearance relative to same-age peers and investing time or effort to look younger-positive and negative experiences of aging, and health using multivariable regression. Cross-sectional data were from a nationally representative sample of 2006 U.S. adults ages 50-80 ( M age = 63, 52% women, 71% White) who completed Wave 6 of the National Poll on Healthy Aging in 2019. The majority (59%) reported appearing relatively younger than peers, while fewer reported appearing the same age (35%) or older (6%). About a third (35%) reported investing in looking younger. Appearing relatively younger was associated with more positive ( p < .001) and less negative experiences of aging ( p = .019). Appearing relatively older showed the opposite relationships ( p values < .001). Investing in looking younger was associated with more positive and more negative experiences of aging ( p values < .001). Few sociodemographic variations were detected. More positive and less negative experiences of aging were associated with better physical and mental health ( p values < .001). While aging appearance is often the basis for jokes, it may affect the quality of older adults' experiences of aging and associated health outcomes. Nuanced findings caution against framing youthful biases in aging appearance and investments in looking younger as solely negative (or positive). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction: E-cigarette advertising exposure is linked to e-cigarette initiation and use. Thus, monitoring trends in e-cigarette advertising practices is important to understand e-cigarette use patterns observed over recent years., Aims and Methods: E-cigarette advertising expenditures (January 2016-July 2021; Numerator Ad Intel) for 154 U.S. market areas were harmonized with U.S. Census sociodemographic data through Nielsen zip code designations by market area. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regressions were used to examine trends in e-cigarette advertising expenditures across media outlets and associations between sociodemographic characteristics and e-cigarette advertising over time., Results: E-cigarette advertising expenditures peaked in 2018/2019, followed by a sharp decline in 2020. Expenditures were concentrated primarily on print (58.9%), TV (20.6%), and radio (14.4%). Major print outlets were Sports Illustrated, Rolling Stone, and Star magazines. Top TV channels were AMC, Investigation Discovery, and TBS. TV advertisements were purchased commonly during popular movies and TV series (eg King of Queens, Everybody Loves Raymond, The Walking Dead). Higher expenditures were associated with U.S. market areas that had (1) a larger percentage of non-rural zip codes (radio), (2) smaller male populations (radio), and (3) larger White or Caucasian, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Other or Multiracial populations (radio, print, online display, and online video)., Conclusions: E-cigarette companies advertised in print magazines geared toward males and youth and young adults, radio commercials focused in urban areas with smaller male populations, and nationwide TV commercials. Declines in e-cigarette advertising expenditures in 2020 demonstrate the potential impact that federal policies may have on protecting populations who are at higher risk for tobacco use from predatory advertising practices., Implications: E-cigarette advertising exposure is associated with the initiation and use of e-cigarettes. This study shows how e-cigarette marketing expenditures in the United States may have targeted specific consumers (eg youth and young adults) between 2016 and 2021. The precipitous drop in advertising expenditures across all outlets during early 2020 corresponds with the implementation of the Tobacco 21 federal policy, the federal enforcement policy to remove most unauthorized flavored e-cigarette cartridges from the U.S. market, preparations for FDA's premarket review of e-cigarette products, and the decision by several TV broadcast companies to stop showing e-cigarette ads. The potential impact of federal policies may have far-reaching implications for protecting populations who are at high risk for tobacco use and its health consequences., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.)