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Background and Objectives Despite higher risks of developing Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease–related dementias among racial/ethnic minority populations, some maintain good cognition until old age. The aims of this study were to investigate heterogeneous cognitive trajectories among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic older adults, examine cognitive impairment prevalence across trajectory classes, and identify associated social and behavioral determinants. Research Design and Methods Using 11 waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (1996–2016), 1,322 non-Hispanic Black and 747 Hispanic adults aged 50+ years in 1996 with normal cognition were included. Latent class growth modeling and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to examine cognitive trajectories and associated determinants. Results For both racial/ethnic groups, 3 trajectory classes were identified: high, medium, and low cognition. In the low-cognition class, 87% and 100% of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants, respectively, developed cognitive impairment. For both racial/ethnic groups, older age and living in rural areas during schooltime increased the likelihood of being in the low-cognition class, whereas more education was associated with a lower likelihood. Unique risk and protective determinants for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants were also identified. Discussion and Implications This study reveals the heterogeneity of cognitive trajectories among racial/ethnic minority older adults and various associated social and behavioral determinants. More prevention interventions and accessible, affordable diagnosis and treatment should be provided to older racial/ethnic minorities with these characteristics to reduce disparities. More research is needed to further explore associations between unique determinants and cognition in racial/ethnic minority populations to better inform interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Significant societal and technological changes in the 2010s called for an up-to-date understanding of the digital divide among older adults in the United States. This trend study aimed to examine the effects of race/ethnicity and the intersecting effects of race/ethnicity with other marginalized identities related to gender, income, education, and occupation on the first- and second-level digital divide. Research Design and Methods Utilizing a nationally representative sample of older community dwellers from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we conducted weighted logistic regressions at 3 time points (2011/2013, 2015, and 2019). The first-level digital divide was measured by access to working phones or computers/laptops; the second-level divide was measured by 7 activities in personal task, social, and health-related Internet use. Results The first-level racial/ethnic digital divide became nonsignificant in 2019, whereas the disparities in all second-level measures persisted. The intersecting effects of race/ethnicity with low education and/or low income became nonsignificant in 2019 for personal-task use. However, the interactions with low education and/or low income became significant for social and health-related use in 2015 and/or 2019. Discussion and Implications This study highlights the persistence of the second-level racial/ethnic digital divide among older community dwellers in the United States, especially the exacerbated social and health-related digital divide for people of color with low socioeconomic status. By considering intersections of marginalized social identities, policymakers and stakeholders should develop targeted strategies to bridge the digital divide, promote health outcomes, and reduce health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]