Search

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the Turkish-speaking population in the United States increased significantly in the 1990s and has risen steadily over time. Today, the highest concentration is located in the states of New York, California, New Jersey, and Florida. Kaya (2003) reported a geographical dispersion across the U.S., from New York to Alaska, with the wealthiest living in Florida. Turkish students make up the ninth largest student population in the U.S. and the largest percentage of students compared to their homeland population. This article identifies and explores many of these challenges by observing the transition of Hakan, a Turkish-speaking fifth grade student, as he encounters a new culture and learns a new language. In particular, we focus on the acquisition of figurative language in a Turkish-speaking English Language Learner (ELL). Some issues and questions addressed in the article include effective methodologies for the assessment of figurative language acquisition in the Turkish and English languages, effective instructional strategies to scaffold Turkish-speaking English Language Learners' (ELLs) acquisition of figurative language, and linguistic factors that might affect Turkish-speaking students' transition to English. The article sets forth theoretical underpinnings for the chosen assessment and instructional strategies, as well as a summary of supporting research in the area of Turkish-speaking ELLs. (Contains 2 tables.)

Recently, significant interaction has been established for oil price shocks with some economic and financial variables, yet our understanding of the environmental burdens of oil price shocks is still limited. We study the co-movements between oil shocks and CO 2 emissions intensity in the United States from February 1975 to July 2018 using wavelet techniques. Key findings suggest that the dis-aggregation of oil price shocks into demand and supply shocks yield novel insights into the pattern of co-movements between oil shocks-CO 2 emissions relationships across different frequency bands and scales. Moreover, we find that higher oil prices triggered by oil demand and global economic activity shocks cannot serve as a substitute for environmental policies aiming at reducing carbon emissions. Contrary to expectations, we highlight that oil supply shock does not result in lower levels of carbon emissions in the U.S. Besides, we also show that an increase in the intensity of CO 2 emissions leads to more uncertainty in the global oil market and drives down oil inventory across different frequency bands. Given the strong predictability of the oil price shocks for environmental burdens, it is hoped that our results will trigger further discussion on environmental problems. • Co-movements between oil price shocks and CO 2 emissions is investigated for the United States. • The wavelet coherence model is used. • The oil price-CO 2 emissions relationship depends on the source of the shock. • The explanatory power of oil demand shocks is relatively stronger than that of oil inventory shocks. • We find evidence that higher oil prices triggered by oil supply shocks are not likely to curb emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), the lockdown engendered has had a vicious impact on the global economy. This analysis' prime intention is to evaluate the impact of the United States' economic and health crisis as a result of COVID-19 on its financial stability. Additionally, the investigation analyzed the spillover impact of the worldwide economic slowdown experienced by COVID-19 on the United States' financial volatility. The study applied an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and discovered that the economic and health crises that occurred in the United States portentously upset the future expectations of its investors. Conspicuously, the health crisis in Spain and Italy were ominous spillovers of the United States' financial instability in the short-run. Likewise, an economic crisis ensued in the United Kingdom because of COVID-19 causing spillover for the United States markets' financial instability. The examination evaluated that Asian and African nations' economic crises perilously affects the United States' financial stability. The study determined that financial instability occurred in the United States due to its own economic and health crises persisted for a longer period than financial disequilibrium that occurred in other nations. The analysis suggested some strategies of smart lockdown that the government of the United States and other nations should follow to restart the economic cycle through tighter controls to minimize losses by following the steps of (a) preparing a lockdown checklist, (b) monitoring completion of lockdown tasks, and (c) complete a close-down stock take or count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence and severity of footpad dermatitis (FPD) and gait score (GS) as an indicator of lameness in commercial broiler production in the United States has not been widely reported. The objectives of this field study were to determine the prevalence and severity of FPD and lameness in commercial broilers, as well as the relationship between FPD and GS under the production conditions typical of the southeastern United States. Observations were collected from an integrated broiler complex producing a light broiler (1.94 to 2.22 kg) and an integrated broiler complex producing a heavier broiler (3.62 to 3.76 kg). Data were collected from 554 farms, 16,697 houses, and 166,977 broilers, representing over 328 million birds over the 3-year span of the study. Light broilers had significantly better FPD and GS than heavier broilers. Additionally, there was a strongly significant association between FPD and GS within a complex. There were significantly greater odds of GS worsening as FPD worsened and significantly high odds of FPD becoming more severe as GS worsened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current, sea level and bed-load transport are investigated in the Lower Piscataqua River section of the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, USA—a well-mixed and geometrically complex system with low freshwater input, having main channel tidal currents ranging between 0.5 and 2 m s−1. Current and sea level forced by the M2M4M6 tides at the estuarine mouth are simulated by a vertically averaged, non-linear, time-stepping finite element model. The hydrodynamic model uses a fixed boundary computational domain and accounts for flooding–drying of tidal flats by making use of a groundwater component. Inertia terms are neglected in comparison with pressure gradient and bottom friction terms, which is consistent with the observed principal dynamic balance for this section of the system. The accuracy of hydrodynamic predictions in the study area is demonstrated by comparison with four tidal elevation stations and two cross-section averaged current measurements. Simulated current is then used to model bed-load transport in the vicinity of a rapidly growing shoal located in the main channel of the lower system. Consisting of coarse sand and gravel, the shoal must be dredged every five to eight years. Two approaches are taken—an Eulerian parametric method in which nodal bed-load flux vectors are averaged over the tidal cycle and a Lagrangian particle tracking approach in which a finite number of sediment particles are released and tracked. Both methods yield pathways and accumulations in agreement with the observed shoal formation and the long-term rate of sediment accumulation in the shoal area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Great Bay Estuarine System, in New Hampshire, USA, has been the focus area for an attempt to develop a robust finite element method model for estuarine hydrodynamics. Past studies used a nonlinear, time stepping, kinematic model with limited success (Ip et al. Advances in fluid mechanics III, WIT, Southampton (2000) 569; Bilgili et al. J. Geophys. Res. – Oceans 107 (2002); Ertu¨rk et al. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 47 (1998) 119). We add dynamic physics (that is, local accelerations) for deep-water areas and keep kinematic physics (that is, without local and advective accelerations), with the inclusion of a porous medium beneath the open channel, for shallow and dewatering areas. The choice of which physics set to apply is made on an elemental depth dependent basis. The addition of the local acceleration terms for deep-water areas is seen to greatly improve accuracy in matching of tidal phasing over previous studies. Simulations involving M2/M4/M6 tidal constituents result in strong agreement to observed data from the 1975 Great Bay field program (Swift & Brown, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 17 (1983) 297), in terms of both tidal heights and cross-section averaged velocities. Comparisons with 10 tidal elevation observation stations and four cross-section averaged current transects show good agreement, displaying average normalized root mean square misfit values of 0.08 and 0.25, respectively. Study of the simulated momentum balance shows the size of the contributions from acceleration terms to be on the order of a third the size of the contributions from the pressure gradient and bottom stress terms. Although relatively small, they are observed to peak at the crucial time of tidal reversal. Application of the model for long-term simulation using an M2/N2/S2 forcing shows the ability to realistically capture the spring–neap cycle. The tidally rectified flow is generally described as a constant spatial pattern with overall amplitude modulation following the spring–neap cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Recently, the significance of biofuel production on food prices has become an important topic of discussion within the framework of sustainable development. Based on the relevant discussions, this work aims at observing the influence of biofuel production on food prices in the US for the monthly period 1981–2018 by considering all possible structural changes between the co-movements of the variables. In the analyses, oil prices and population variables are also employed as control variables. To this end, we use continuous wavelet model estimations for the whole sample period and sub-sample periods at different frequencies. All computations have considered the potential changes in co-movements of the variables at different sub-sample periods corresponding to high and low frequencies of observed time series data. Estimation results show that there exist significant relationships between biofuel production and food prices in the short-term and long-term cycles. The outcomes of the research hence may provide some insights into the design of sustainable energy and food policies in the United States. • This paper explores the co-movements between biofuel production and food prices in the United States. • Employs continuous wavelet coherence analyses. • In short cycle, biofuels increase food prices for the period 2000–2010, but decrease food prices for the period 2011–2017. • In longer cycle, biofuels bring about an increase in food price for the period 2001–2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examines 36 years of national pediatric heart transplantation data to (1) identify trends in transplant volume, centers, and 1-year graft survival and (2) assess how center transplant volume affects outcomes over a contemporary 11-year period., Methods: Study investigators utilized the United Network for Organ Sharing database and performed a retrospective review of pediatric patients (aged <18 years) who underwent heart transplantation between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 2022, inclusive. Trend analyses included the whole cohort, whereas volume-outcome analyses included a contemporary cohort (January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2022) to account for the temporal changes observed in transplant survival. Highest-volume centers were defined by the number of heart transplantations performed per center per year., Results: Over 36 years, 11,828 pediatric heart transplantations were performed. Transplant volume steadily rose, the number of centers remained stable, and 1-year graft survival improved significantly. In the contemporary era (2012-2022), 89 centers conducted 4959 pediatric heart transplantations. The top 15% high-volume centers (13 centers) accounted for 48.3% (n = 2393) of transplantations, with an average of 16.7 ± 3.8 transplantations per center annually, compared with 3.9 ± 3.1 for lower-volume centers (P < .001). Despite performing transplantations in higher-risk patients, high-volume centers achieved similar postoperative outcomes and improved long-term survival compared with low-volume centers., Conclusions: Although the number of US pediatric heart transplant centers has remained stable, pediatric heart transplant volume has steadily increased, as has 1-year graft survival. In a contemporary cohort, the top 15th percentile highest-volume centers accounted for 48.3% of US pediatric heart transplants and performed transplantations in higher-risk patients with similar postoperative outcomes and improved longitudinal survival., Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Impella 5.5 (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for mechanical circulatory support for ≤14 days. It is unknown whether prolonged support is associated with worse outcomes. We sought to review our single-center experience with Impella 5.5 and compare outcomes based on support duration., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients (≥18 years old) supported with Impella 5.5 at our institution (May 2020 to April 2023). Patients on prolonged support (>14 days) were compared with those supported for ≤14 days., Results: There were 31 patients supported with Impella 5.5 including 14 (45.2%) supported >14 days. Median support duration for those on prolonged support was 43.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 25 to 63.5) days versus 8 (IQR 6, 13) days for those who were not ( P < 0.001). Overall, the device-related complication rate was 9.7% and did not differ between groups ( P = 0.08). Overall, 30-day postimplant survival was 71% and did not differ by support duration ( P = 0.2). In-hospital mortality was 32% and did not differ between cohorts ( P > 0.99). Among those surviving to explant ( n = 22), long-term strategy included bridge to durable ventricular assist device (18%, n = 4), cardiac transplant (55%, n = 12), and cardiac recovery (27%, n = 6)., Conclusions: High-risk patients with cardiogenic shock may be supported with Impella 5.5 beyond the FDA-approved duration without increased risk of complications or mortality., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.