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Purpose: The literature assessing outcomes of partial adrenalectomy (PA) among patients with pheochromocytoma patients is largely limited to isolated, single-institution series. We aimed to perform a population-level comparison of outcomes between patients undergoing PA versus those undergoing total adrenalectomy (TA)., Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1975-2016) was queried to identify adults with pheochromocytoma who underwent either PA or TA. Survival was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, Fine and Gray competing-risks regression, propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and cumulative incidence plots., Results: 286 patients (PA: 101, TA: 185) were included in this study. As compared to those undergoing TA, patients undergoing PA had fewer tumors ≥ 8 cm in size (28.7% versus 42.7%, p = 0.048) and were more likely to have localized disease (61.4% versus 44.3%, p = 0.01). In multivariable analysis, patients undergoing PA demonstrated similar all-cause mortality (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.44-1.14, p = 0.16) and cancer-specific mortality (HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.35-1.17, p = 0.15) compared to those who underwent TA. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in overall survival between PA and TA groups (p = 0.26) nor was there a difference in the cumulative incidence of cancer-specific mortality (p = 0.29)., Conclusions: In this first population-level comparison of outcomes among patients with pheochromocytoma undergoing PA and those undergoing TA, we found no long-term differences in any survival metric between groups. PA circumvents the need for lifelong corticoid replacement therapy and remains a promising option for patients with bilateral or recurrent pheochromocytoma., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)