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Background. Few studies have assessed the association between hypertension and risk of detailed causes of death. We investigated the association between hypertension and all-cause mortality and 67 causes of death in a large cohort. Methods. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for self-reported hypertension vs. no hypertension and mortality. Adults aged ≥18 years (n = 213798) were recruited in 1997-2004 and followed through December 31, 2006. Results. During 5.81 years of follow-up, 11254 deaths occurred. Self-reported hypertension vs. no hypertension was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.25 , 95% CI: 1.19-1.31) and mortality from septicemia (HR =1.66, 1.06-2.59), other infectious parasitic diseases (HR = 2.67 , 1.09-6.51), diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.97 , 1.45-2.67), circulatory disease (HR = 1.49 , 1.37-1.61), hypertensive heart disease (HR = 3.23 , 2.00-5.20), ischemic heart disease (HR = 1.35 , 1.23-1.49), acute myocardial infarction (HR = 1.50 , 1.27-1.77), other chronic ischemic heart diseases (HR = 1.35 , 1.17-1.56), all other forms of heart disease (HR = 1.51 , 1.21-1.89), primary hypertension and renal disease (HR = 3.11 , 1.82-5.30), cerebrovascular disease (HR = 1.64 , 1.37-1.97), other circulatory system diseases (HR = 1.71 , 1.09-2.69), other chronic lower respiratory diseases (HR = 1.39 , 1.12-1.73), other chronic liver disease (HR = 1.89 , 1.06-3.37), renal failure (HR = 1.91 , 1.33-2.74), motor vehicle accidents (HR = 1.60 , 1.07-2.37), and all other diseases (HR =1.30, 1.10-1.54), but with lower risk of uterine cancer (HR = 0.37 , 95% CI: 0.15-0.90) and Alzheimer's disease (HR = 0.65 , 95% CI: 0.47-0.92). Conclusion. Hypertension was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and 17 out of 67 causes of death, with most of these being circulatory disease outcomes, however, some of the remaining associations are unlikely to be causal. Further studies are needed to clarify associations with less common causes of death and potential causality across outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the association between physical activity before cancer diagnosis and survival among lung cancer patients. In this pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohorts, we investigated associations of prediagnosis leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality among incident lung cancer patients., Methods: Using self-reported data on regular engagement in exercise and sports activities collected at study enrollment, we assessed metabolic equivalent hours (MET-h) of prediagnosis LTPA per week. According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, prediagnosis LTPA was classified into inactivity, less than 8.3 and at least 8.3 MET-h per week (the minimum recommended range). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality after adjustment for major prognostic factors and lifetime smoking history., Results: Of 20 494 incident lung cancer patients, 16 864 died, including 13 596 deaths from lung cancer (overall 5-year relative survival rate = 20.9%, 95% CI = 20.3% to 21.5%). Compared with inactivity, prediagnosis LTPA of more than 8.3 MET-h per week was associated with a lower hazard of all-cause mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.99), but not with lung cancer-specific mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.04), among the overall population. Additive interaction was found by tumor stage (Pinteraction = .008 for all-cause mortality and .003 for lung cancer-specific mortality). When restricted to localized cancer, prediagnosis LTPA of at least 8.3 MET-h per week linked to 20% lower mortality: multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.67 to 0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.99) for lung cancer-specific mortality., Conclusions: Regular participation in LTPA that met or exceeded the minimum Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with reduced hazards of mortality among lung cancer patients, especially those with early stage cancer., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Background: Unemployment has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of mortality. While most available studies focused on the effects of temporary unemployment on mortality, it remains unclear whether similar trends can be found in subjects who were never employed or are retirement. Therefore, this study examined the associations between temporary unemployment, never employed and retirement, integrating the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults., Methods: Data from the National Health Interview Survey from 2001 to 2013 Linked Mortality files through 31 December 2015 were used. A total of 282 364 participants aged 18 to 65 years were included. Their employment status was categorised into four groups: employed, never employed, temporary unemployed and retired., Results: During the mean follow-up time of 8.2 years, 12 645 subjects died from a variety of causes. Compared with employed participants, temporary unemployed, never employed or retired participants faced an increased risk of mortality for all-cause (temporary unemployed HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.67 to 1.86; never employed HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47 to 1.81; retired HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.37). Cause-specific mortality analysis showed that compared with employed participants, temporary unemployed or never employed participants faced a significantly increased risk of mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, diabetes and kidney disease., Conclusion: This study showed that retired, temporary unemployed and never employed participants aged 18 to 65 years were strongly associated with higher mortality, indicating that both temporary and long-term unemployment are associated with a higher risk of mortality and adversely affect longevity., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)