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Changes in attitude toward intellectual property are covered here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the data from the survey of the online search techniques of several undergraduate and graduate students at Hayden Library in Arizona State University. Types of user online searches; Use of library personnel and online helpscreens; Exposure to library instruction; Length of time at the terminal for citation versus abstract products; Searching as the most prevalent.

The article discusses various issues concerning the role of grants in business development in the modern world. It is informed that grants have become a massive industry. According to the National Council of Non-Profit Associations, the number of non-profit organizations grew 68% between 1993 to 2003 in the United States. Money creates obligations for both the recipient and the grantor. In the past, the number of organizations involved in the grant process was fairly stable. Today, the time has changed, many organizations are relying on grant funding for their growth.

• The Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) requires accredited programs to assess patient outcomes, which should meet expected ranges. • Continued 1-year survival that is lower than expected can affect FACT accreditation. • Programs that do not meet expected survival must implement corrective actions. • FACT provides assurance that programs review and improve patient outcomes. The rapid evolution of blood and marrow transplantation (BMT), coupled with diverse outcomes associated with heterogeneous groups of patients, led to the formation of 2 important organizations early in the development of the field: the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) and the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT). These organizations have addressed 2 of the 9 elements identified by the National Quality Strategy (NQS) for achieving better health care, more affordable care, and healthy people and communities: a registry that promotes improvement of care and accreditation based on quality standards. More recently, a federally mandated database in the United States addresses the third element of the NQS: public reporting of treatment results. Here we describe the current process by which FACT incorporates patient outcomes reported by the CIBMTR into standards for accreditation, the requirements for accredited programs with performance below expected outcomes to maintain accreditation, and preliminary findings of an assessment of corrective action plans intended to improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a five-year survival rate of 6%. It is characterized by extremely aggressive tumor growth rate and high incidence of metastasis. One of the most common and profound biochemical phenotypes of animal and human cancer cells is their ability to metabolize glucose at high rates, even under aerobic conditions. However, the contribution of metabolic interrelationships between tumor cells and cells of the surrounding microenvironment to the progression of cancer is not well understood. We evaluated differential expression of metabolic genes and, hence, metabolic pathways in primary tumor and metastases of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods and Findings: We analyzed the metabolic gene (those involved in glycolysis, tri-carboxylic acid pathway, pentosephosphate pathway and fatty acid metabolism) expression profiles of primary and metastatic lesions from pancreatic cancer patients by gene expression arrays. We observed two principal results: genes that were upregulated in primary and most of the metastatic lesions; and genes that were upregulated only in specific metastatic lesions in a site-specific manner. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of several metabolic gene products confirmed the gene expression patterns at the protein level. The IHC analyses also revealed differential tumor and stromal expression patterns of metabolic enzymes that were correlated with the metastasis sites. Conclusions: Here, we present the first comprehensive studies that establish differential metabolic status of tumor and stromal components and elevation of aerobic glycolysis gene expression in pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]