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The article presents information on the use of treated wastewater for plant cooling in the U.S. Using gray water poses its own challenges for critical service equipment like condensers and heat exchangers. Some problems-like corrosion-are familiar, whereas others are rare. But so far, none has been a match for the ingenuity of multidisciplinary design experts. Each day, the U.S. industrial plants consume 25 billion gallons of water and generate about 20 billion gallons of wastewater. American thermal power plants alone use 186 billion gallons of water daily.

The article discusses new developments in cooling systems that addressed engine problems caused by higher heat rejection levels in trucks in the U.S. in 2006. Problems caused by newer truck engines' heat rejection requirements are corrected by increasing the cooling capabilities of cooling modules and radiators.

The article focuses on the advantages provided by combustion turbine inlet cooling (TIC) technologies to electric utilities. It provides insights on how the power industry deal with power shortages in the U.S. The magnitude of power boost depends on the characteristics of the ambient temperature, turbine and the TIC technology used. It highlights the reasons why TIC has not become a standard practice in the energy industry.

This article discusses various retrofitting fish protection technologies at an existing cooling water intake in power plants. Existing power plants using once-through cooling are under increasing regulatory pressure to take action to reduce fish losses at their cooling water intake structures. In 2004, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued new guidelines for the implementation of Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act, which requires cooling water intakes to use the "best technology available" to reduce adverse environmental impact (AEI). The EPA rule establishes performance standards and requires a reduction in impingement mortality at most power plants and a reduction in entrainment at some power plants. It states that reductions in impingement mortality and entrainment are the most effective and easiest metrics for assessing AEI. Most power plants are currently gathering the year or more of biological information required by the rule. During this time, it is important to develop a cogent and cost-effective strategy for complying with the rule.

Features several semiconductor equipment, introduced in the U.S. market in March 2005. X Series nanoprober from Multiprobe; Wafer heating and cooling module system from Owens Design Inc.; VHSta HC single-wafer, high-current ion implanter from Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates.

Presents news briefs related to the plumbing, heating and cooling industry in the U.S. as of September 2004. Certification earned by RCR Sacramento, a plumbing contractor through the National Housing Quality Certified Trade Contractor Program; Date set for the 16th Annual Association of Water Technologies Convention and Exposition that will be held in Nashville, Tennessee; Expansion of the program for inspector certification by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials.

Presents news briefs on the plumbing, heating and cooling industry in the U.S. as of September 2004. Selection of Eddie Edwards, president and founder of the Drain Surgeon as recipient of the Contractor of the Year award of Plumbing Heating Cooling Contractors of the Greater Los Angeles Area in California; Success of the Modern Engineering Concepts seminar; Acquisition of ServiceMagic Inc., an online home services marketplace, by IAC/lnterActive Corp., an online marketplace.

Lists manufactures of cooling products in the United States. Acme Cryogenics Group; Air Liquide America Corp.; Sondex.

Focuses on the renovation in the heating and ventilation of the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois. Cost of the renovation; Enlargement on the central plant of the museum; Replacement of the major heating and cooling systems of the museum.

Focuses on the Alternatives to Compressor Cooling (ACC) project which aims to find alternative to home air conditioning in California. Principle of the ACC project; Criteria for ventilation cooling system; Applicability and cost of ventilation cooling.

Focuses on the aspects of troubleshooting refrigeration and air conditioning systems in the U.S. Concept of superheat and subcooling; Stages of refrigeration cycle; Temperature for subcooling refrigerants.

Features several electronic thermal management devices in the United States. Key features and specifications; Availability information; Price.

Reports the impact of air cooling technologies on the International Gas Turbine Institute Turbo Expo in New Orleans, Louisiana. Power consumption of turbine air cooling systems; Types of evaporative cooling media developed by Munters Corp., Operation of cogeneration plant by Kalaeloa Partners.

Reports the completion of an emergency room to complement the health care complex in Las Vegas, Nevada. Design of a central plant for the cooling needs of the campus; Efforts for the contribution of energy savings; Importance of cooling in emergency rooms.

Examines low deltaT at four of the air-handling units serving the Indiana University Chemistry Building, Bloomington and how the problem was addressed. Inefficient use of chilled water; Installation of variable-speed drives on the chilled-water pumps; Resetting of the control valve differential for better control, energy savings and improved chilled-water deltaT.

In this article the author discusses the issues faced by fleets belonging to the commercial truck industry in the U.S. regarding fan clutches. The author states that improper cooling system care may be the cause of about 40% of premature engine failures. He notes that the main issue that fleets should consider with fan clutches is the greater cycling of fan drives and longer run times of post-'07 engines, which could result in excessive heat that is bad for all underhood components.

The article offers updates on the use of vapor chambers to improve cooling of power semiconductors in the U.S. It states that the use of vapor chambers can be an efficient way to manage heat in high-power semiconductor devices. Also mentioned are the simulating thermal performance, vapor chamber benefits and metal heat sink performance.

The article demonstrates how four enterprises made the transition from chemically fed water treatment to chemical-free technology for process cooling systems at their facilities. Charleston, West Virginia-based Dow Chemical Technology Center installed the pulsed-power water treatment system. Sixteen independent engine generators were established at Red Bluff's peaker power plant in Red Bluff, California. Christopher Ranch in Gilroy, California set up the chemical-free water treatment system. INSET: Chemical-Free Water Treatment Alternative.

The article presents a list of catalogs for refrigeration and process cooling machinery in the U.S. including Apex Engineering Products Corp.'s biodegradable descaler, Orival Inc.'s self-cleaning water filters, Motivair Corp.'s industrial process chillers and Dynalene Heat Transfer Fluids' low temperature heat transfer fluids.

Looks at the repair of the Robert Ewigleben Ice Arena's reciprocating chillers used for making ice in Big Rapids, Michigan. Features of the ice arena; Inspection of the failed chillers; Solution provided by Trane's ChillerSource temporary cooling group; Installation of the permanent ice-making equipment.

Presents information on W. A. Parish Electric Generation Station (WAP) fossil-fueled power plant owned by Texas Genco Holdings Inc. in Thompson, Texas. Information on the multiple unit and the coal-fired unit of the plant; Cooling system of the plant; Nitrogen oxide modifications at WAP; Details of the design of Sargent & Lundy on the selective catalytic reduction systems of the plant.

Presents information on Ravenswood Unit 40 power plant owned by KeySpan Energy Development Corp. in Long Island City, New York. Information on the operating license securing process of the Ravenswood plant in compliance with the New York State Board on Electric Generation and the Environment; Major energy-conversion systems in Unit 40; Description of the air-cooled condenser, cooling system of the Unit 40; Challenges faced by the plant construction team in building Ravenswood plant.

Presents news briefs related to plumbing, heating and cooling business in the U.S. as of June 2004. Endorsement of the Service Roundtable by the Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors of California; Total amount awarded by the Associated Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors of Texas Charitable and Educational Foundation in scholarships for 2004-2005; Launch of improved micro Web site announced by Briggs Plumbing Products.

Reports on the service and repair success of Neerings Plumbing, Heating and Air Conditioning in Salt Lake City, Utah as of February 2004. Concept of Neerings in their plumbing, heating and cooling services; Average growth of Neerings for the last four years; Annual sales of Neerings.

Presents news briefs on the plumbing industry in the U.S. as of October 2003. Announcement of Watts Industries Inc. that it changed its company name; Revision of the Uniform Plumbing Code to permit the use of yellow one-step solvent cement; Issuance of a planning by the Mechanical Contractors Association to those who will be attending the association's national convention in Orlando, Florida; Features of the comprehensive service and repair Web site introduced by Dewalt.

Features several electronic devices used in thermal management in the United States. Key features and specifications; Availability information; Price.

Focuses on Seattle, Washington-based cooling system contractor MacDonald-Miller Building Services. Formula for evaluating new technologies in the industry; Damage caused by water mixing with the refrigerant on a building's cooling system; Use of subcontractors with new technology.

The article reports on the second extravehicular activity to be conducted by astronauts Michael Lopez-Alegria and Sunita Williams of the U.S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration on February 4, 2007. They reconfigured one of two cooling loops to Destiny laboratory module from a temporary setup using radiators on the P6 truss to the permanent system delivered with the P4/5 Truss element last year. The two astronauts also tied down one of two P6 radiators and covered it with a shroud.

The article focuses on the impact of the El Niño weather cycle on North American weather conditions. It mentions that El Niño is the warming phase. It mentions that Pacific Northwest and parts of the Deep South will be cooler, in mid-to late-summer. It mentions that much of the northeastern U.S. will be warmer than normal.

The article reports on the move of small vendors to look on components that will lessen the amount of heat generated inside servers and the amount of power they consumed in the U.S. It is that to alleviate the dilemma, OnScreen Technologies Inc. has addressed the microwarming or overheating problem that occurred inside the servers with scientific and interdisciplinary approach called WayCool. The WayCool approach is designed to decrease the server's temperature and energy consumption while boosting performance in cost-effective and efficient way. Accordingly, the WayCool approach will also enable to replace the metal panel that is inside the blade servers, making it a compact, and space-saving approach to cooling.

The article provides information on how to reduce energy consumption while making data centers more energy-efficient in the U.S. According to the authors, the idea is to look at the data center as a holistic system by understanding how the system like the Central Processing Unit (CPU) used cooling and networks and consumes energy. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy has pledged to work with the alliance to develop a Web site so that data center administrators that can easily be access as well as to implement energy management programs.

The article informs that a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals has ruled that the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) cannot allow power plants to kill a trillion fish per year through their cooling water intakes. Along with the water, the cooling water intakes devour countless fish and fish larvae, devastating fish populations across the country. According to Alex Matthiessen, president of Riverkeeper Inc., this Clean Water Act requires use of the best technology available. The article further informs that the EPA has repeatedly failed to protect fish and wildlife from devastation at the hands of power plants.

The article presents updates on issues related to aeronautics. The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Power Division is developing spray cooling technologies for high-power electronics and weapon power systems. The Stardust Observation Campaign has been established to help validate the aerothermodynamic and thermal protection system material response codes. Advancements in the development of state-to-state kinetics to describe hypersonic flows were conducted in Italy.

The article reports on the partnership of the Environmental Protection Agency with PECO Energy Corp. and the Energy Coordinating Agency to co-sponsor the Cool Roof 2006 workshop that would promote reflective roof technologies in the U.S. By using technology, building's roof can lower its surface temperature and reduce the building's cooling costs.

Presents information on the Lake Source Cooling (LSC) project of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Amount of electricity eliminated by the novel heat exchanger; Criticisms on LSC; Awards received by LSC; Cooling capacity of the system.

Deals with the Lake Source cooling (LSC) system, an experimental air conditioning initiative implemented at Cornell University's McGraw Tower. How the LSC system works; Costs of the LSC system; Impact of the system on fossil fuel savings; Role of the introduction of LSC in the emergence of rhizoclonium algae in the Cayuga Lake in New York.

Reports on the United States Marine Corps' use of advanced vapor-cooling techniques to support initial use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology in the Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAAV). Possible emulation by managers of other weapons platforms; Successful environmental testing of vapor-cooled AAAV components; Other candidates to employ vapor cooling.

Reports on industrial safety engineers adoption of coolant management programs in using high-speed machining technology in the United States. Importance of the rapid removal of heat from the machining zone; Presence of bacteria and fungi in coolants; Health hazards of coolant contaminants.

Reports on United States-based energy companies and utilities' adaption of district cooling. Background on district cooling technology; Advantages of using the technology; Reasons for the growth of district cooling in the US; Industry analysts' comments.

Focuses the use of control valves in cooling water systems in New Jersey. Optimization of the cooling water system efficiency; Maintenance of water temperatures; Reduction of water use, pump energy requirements and water treatment costs; Need for a well-balanced system; Configuration of control valve.

The article profiles engineer Willis Haviland Carrier, one of "Life" magazine's 100 most important U.S. personalities of the 20th century. This man developed a machine to suck both heat and humidity from the air. He was the classic absentminded intellectual. One Sunday, while driving his family to church, Carrier was pondering the centrifugal compressor that would be his next cooling innovation. Unfortunately, he died in 1950 before he could figure out a way to cool the planet.

This section offers news briefs on the nuclear industry in the U.S. including the publication of the supplemental proposed rule for the Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) Design certification in the May 6, 2014 issue of "Federal Register," the extension to the comment period for the Emergency Core Cooling Systems (ECCS)/Cladding Rule and the renewal of the research agreement of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Department of Energy (DOE).

The article presents facts about lasers or directed energy weapons being examined at Directed Energy Center at Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren, Virginia. Laser weapons are capable of striking a target almost instantaneously based on theory. Lasers can create various kinds of light from invisible to colored light beams across the visual spectrum. Among the major challenges to fielding a military laser are supplying a laser with adequate power and cooling it.