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The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) initiative for K-12 education has been adopted by 45 states and will have a broad impact on American education al institutions, including libraries. The CCSS focus on close reading of informational texts, inquiry learning, and college and career readiness with an emphasis on assessment and accountability. This research study used a focusgroup approach to provide a framework for asking school librarians from two states about the future of teaching and learning and th e types of challenges they envision for the future. The datacollected were then aligned with CCSS to better understand the p otential impact for patrons of all types of libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a survey of the Africana research holdings and collections that are available at the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) located in Champaign, Illinois. Composition of the collection from Africanists; Cooperative Africana Microform Program as the primary institutional focus of the collection; Provision of bibliographic access by CRLCATALOG.

This study examined the websites representing fourteen English-language children's literature archives and special collections in the United States to find key similarities and major differences among the websites' provision of information to distance users. The study took place during the COVID-19 pandemic and aimed to assess websites' usefulness for researchers whose access had been severely restricted by travel bans and safety issues. Although the circumstances of the study are unusual, the push toward remote learning, distance collaboration, and world-wide research indicates that this study will be of value and interest beyond the bounds of pandemic-related travel restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the results of a study to compare contemporary e-journal licenses from two research universities in the United States and Spain in terms of e-reserves, interlibrary loan, text and data mining, authors' rights and treatment of copyright exceptions, usage statistics, governing law, data privacy, and obligations entailing security. The data include a higher proportion of scholarly society and academic press publishers than earlier license analyses. This analysis compares license terms over time, across publisher types and between the two libraries, and it compares findings with recommendations from model licenses. The results show progress toward model license goals in some areas, but deficiencies in others including self-archiving, usage statistics clauses, and clauses related to e-resource data privacy and library security and disciplinary obligations. Our findings also raise questions about international ILL and governing venue clauses in library licenses outside the North American context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines factors that influences the formation of a guide to collection of manuscripts on American Indian available in the library of American Society. Historical background of the library; Forms of printed manuscript guides; Prerequisites of the guide.

The article offers information related to restructuring the Library of Congress. It discusses how reorganization of the work of the Library of Congress changed the world of information in the U.S. at the end of the nineteenth century by subsidizing the operations of libraries as well as the growing publishing industry. it is also evident that the classification system of the Library of Congress has been adopted only by larger and more academically oriented libraries.

First-generation college students have a profound impact both inside and outside the classroom on the strategic goals of universities, yet in-depth, firsthand information about their experiences are difficult for researchers and university administrators to find. Oral histories are a data-rich method of collecting narratives that legitimize the perspectives of underrepresented communities whose stories are often absent from the written record. This article provides a brief overview of first-generation populations, a review of literature relating to the increasing involvement of libraries and archives in capturing and preserving the stories of underdocumented communities in the twenty-first century, and shares three case studies of first-generation initiatives at public universities in California, Colorado, and Nebraska. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal community in the United States has good reasons to be interested in the laws of other nations, but there are real barriers to finding and understanding comparative law. This article describes important differences in how law is envisioned in the United States: the pre-eminence of the adopted Constitution as the ultimate statement of rights and government powers, the interpretive role of judges in a unique federalist system, and the importance of case law in learning and talking about the law. This article also describes overarching obstacles that interfere with finding and reading comparative law: the influence of language and culture on formulating and carrying out research enquiries, and the increasingly bewildering array of interferences in accessing law authority and scholarship even when its existence is known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is a unique identifier most often associated with popular magazines, scholarly journals, and newspapers. The scope of ISSN, however, includes many types of grey literature. This article will discuss and provide examples of the types of grey literature in scope for ISSN and describe the bibliographic metadata about these resources created to support each ISSN assignment. Benefits to the originators of grey literature that result from ISSN assignments are highlighted, especially the valuable exposure that the resources gain from the bibliographic records that are created to document ISSN assignments and are included in multiple international databases. Benefits that accrue to the ISSN Network from the inclusion of grey literature will also be covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diseases caused by pathogenic free-living amoebae include primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (Naegleria fowleri), granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (Acanthamoeba spp.), Acanthamoeba keratitis, and Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis (Balamuthia mandrillaris). Each of these are difficult to treat and have high morbidity and mortality rates due to lack of effective therapeutics. Since repurposing drugs is an ideal strategy for orphan diseases, we conducted a high throughput phenotypic screen of 12,000 compounds from the Calibr ReFRAME library. We discovered a total of 58 potent inhibitors (IC50 <1 μM) against N. fowleri (n = 19), A. castellanii (n = 12), and B. mandrillaris (n = 27) plus an additional 90 micromolar inhibitors. Of these, 113 inhibitors have never been reported to have activity against Naegleria, Acanthamoeba or Balamuthia. Rapid onset of action is important for new anti-amoeba drugs and we identified 19 compounds that inhibit N. fowleri in vitro within 24 hours (halofuginone, NVP-HSP990, fumagillin, bardoxolone, belaronib, and BPH-942, solithromycin, nitracrine, quisinostat, pabinostat, pracinostat, dacinostat, fimepinostat, sanguinarium, radicicol, acriflavine, REP3132, BC-3205 and PF-4287881). These compounds inhibit N. fowleri in vitro faster than any of the drugs currently used for chemotherapy. The results of these studies demonstrate the utility of phenotypic screens for discovery of new drugs for pathogenic free-living amoebae, including Acanthamoeba for the first time. Given that many of the repurposed drugs have known mechanisms of action, these compounds can be used to validate new targets for structure-based drug design. Author summary: Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous in soil and freshwater and most are non-pathogenic to people; however, three different pathogenic FLA have been found to cause severe, most often fatal diseases in humans. Due to poor detection and inadequate treatment options available for pathogenic FLA, the fatality rates are still > 90% for the diseases caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Acanthamoeba spp. With hundreds of cases in the United States and many more cases reported worldwide, there is still an urgent clinical need for effective diagnosis and specific treatments discovered against these opportunistic parasites. Drug repurposing is a powerful approach for drug-discovery because it significantly improves the discovery time, reduces the amount of resources, and decreases costs required to advance lead candidate drugs of interest into the clinic. This is extremely helpful for neglected diseases including pathogenic FLA where there is a need for new active therapies with limited budgets. This report addresses the discovery of new active drugs with potential for repurposing, multiple new drug classes that inhibit pathogenic FLA, and numerous putative drug targets that can be used as tools for further investigation and structure-based drug design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ebooks pose many challenges in library collection development, mostly due to the lack of standards and the many different platforms available. These challenges are faced by both public and academic libraries, but the challenges inherent in collecting popular reading ebooks can be different from the challenges that come with collecting scholarly ebooks. This article describes the purpose and processes behind an academic library, University of Wyoming Libraries, providing popular reading ebooks to its faculty and students, and focuses on the experience of being a 3M Cloud Library early adopter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the passage of the American Disabilities Act in 1990 and the coincident growth of the Internet, academic libraries have worked to provide electronic resources and services that are accessible to all patrons. Special collections are increasingly being added to these web-based library resources, and they must meet the same accessibility standards. The recent popularity surge of Web 2.0 technology, social media sites, and mobile devices has brought greater awareness about the challenges faced by those who use assistive technology for visual disabilities. This study examines the screen-reader accessibility of online special collections finding aids at 68 public US colleges and universities in the Association of Research Libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers news briefs related to libraries in the U.S. Preliminary results of 2007 Public Library Funding and Technology Access Study states that although almost all of the libraries in the country are connected to the Internet and are increasingly offering wireless service, they still face problems in providing adequate bandwidth. Google Inc. continues to strike new agreements with libraries that wish to make their collections available for the Google Books Library Project.

What makes workers work better: social or financial incentives? This important management research question has a long and contested history, with most studies emphasizing the former. Almost all research into this question draws on the Hawthorne studies conducted by Elton Mayo and colleagues in the interwar United States, with the Hawthorne studies even playing a part in the foundation of the Tavistock Institute and its journal Human Relations in 1947. As this article reveals, the allegedly-unique nature of the Hawthorne studies is an invented tradition deeply embedded in the human relations field to this day. To explode this invented tradition, this article uses previously unstudied historical sources to recover and examine the long-forgotten Incentives and Contentment (1938) studies, conducted from 1929 onwards by sociologist Clarence Northcott at the Rowntree Cocoa Works in York, UK. In contrast to the Hawthorne studies, the Rowntree management research found that financial incentives were more important than social incentives. This article then charts how fashions in work incentives, the importance of personalities and networks, the relatively weak position of sociology in postwar Britain, and the prestige of American expertise, combined in 1947 to ensure the Tavistock's founders believed the Hawthorne studies were unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public libraries are heavily affected by political and policy-making processes that shape the funding, activities, and roles of libraries in society, with the explosion of information policy decisions in the past two decades significantly increasing the responsibilities of libraries while also increasing limitations on their activities. Research in library and information science, however, has paid scant attention to these issues over time. If libraries are to be able to effectively advocate for the interests of their institutions, patrons, and communities, researchers need to more strongly engage problems of politics and policymaking that impact libraries. With greater amounts of data and analysis in this area, libraries will be better situated to advocate for their needs in political and policy-making processes, as well as better able to articulate their positions to members of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents results from an IMLS-funded project to evaluate the current state of collections in Florida's libraries, archives, and museums, current practices to preserve and conserve these collections, and perceived needs to maintain and improve these collections for future generations. The survey, modeled after the Heritage Health Index national survey, demonstrated that many of Florida's collections are in desperate need of conservation and preservation and indicate a clear need for an increased effort to guarantee the continued safety of and access to these collections. In addition to providing data on Florida's collections, the results of this study have national implications that will help researchers, professionals, administrators, government agencies, and the general public better understand the nature of collecting agencies and the long-term requirements for the continued preservation and conservation of the nation's natural and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even as laws have banished the practice, residential segregation continues to be a defining feature of the metropolitan United States. How does the scholarship of Arnold Hirsch help us to understand its persistence even as its mechanisms morph in multiple ways? How also do we understand the dynamic ways that African Americans have resisted this enclosure through politics but also through the creation of community and culture within that space? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This memoir, written by Libby I. Sukoff, O.D. and edited by Andrea P. Thau, O.D., both of New York, chronicles Dr. Sukoff's life and more than six-decade career in optometry. Dr. Thau has included an introduction describing the personal and professional relationship she has with the author. This article has been annotated by Kirsten Hébert, contributing editor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries remain one of the last places on campus where the purging of usage data is encouraged and "tracking" is a dirty word. While some libraries have demonstrated the usefulness of analytics, opponents bring up issues of privacy and debate the feasibility of student-generated library data for planning and assessment. Using a study conducted at the University Library, California State University, Long Beach, the authors of this article identified practical knowledge of data research that academic librarians will benefit from understanding. Readers will learn about the role campus culture plays in data gathering, be exposed to the complexities of learning analytics and Institutional Review Board (IRB) clearance, and read how the authors weighed the ethical use of big data analysis for assessing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars have chronicled the long political and legal battle that led to ratification of the 16th Amendment on February 25, 1913. However, none have described how the Bureau of Internal Revenue implemented the tax in only six months on a shoestring budget. William H. Osborn, the commissioner who oversaw the effort, left a diary of his experiences, which sheds light on the political, budgetary, and bureaucratic challenges he faced. While most internal revenue commissioners work in relative obscurity, Osborn won public acclaim by pursuing long-neglected evasions with headline grabbing criminal cases, pushing against patronage to hire qualified agents, and instituting cost-saving efficiencies. He melded political acumen, administrative genius, and a talent for inspiring his employees to build the basic framework for modern federal income tax collections. His experiences highlight the important, but often overlooked, role played by skilled bureaucrats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay shows that comparable notions of humanism emerged independently in two twentieth-century scholars, Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and George Sarton (1884–1956). They met as young men at Harvard University and found themselves to be compatible thinkers. They both respected the so-called facts of science, perhaps more than theories in science. They saw their task as assembling these facts for a future synthesis. They recognized the diversity of the world's civilizations, and they actively participated in trying to unite scholars of good will. At the end of their lives, they remained optimistic about the future of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates Dalits' dreams and desires for education in the United Provinces by examining hitherto unexplored records of the American Methodist Church missionaries and the Arya Samaj from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Focussed on the schools opened for Dalits and Dalit Christian converts by these two religious organisations, it explores the schools' visions and objectives. The article presents the history of Dalit education beyond the existing dominant analytical frame of educational access and exclusion. It suggests that the mere inclusion of marginalised groups in educational institutions did not guarantee equality; rather, inclusion set in train a process for producing newer forms of exclusion, inequality and suppression. I argue that while these schools opened an important window for Dalit education in the region, the education offered was limited, hierarchical and practical. Both Christian missionaries and Arya Samajis saw Dalits primarily as a labouring community, and the education they offered reflected this thinking; it aimed at making Dalits productive, disciplined and loyal beings. Nevertheless, this limited education allowed Dalits to dream of a literate and dignified life and to pursue non-manual labouring careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an investigation into whether institutional repositories at member libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) provide publicly available metadata documentation via the repositories' websites. The study compares the results of a September 2017 survey with findings from a review of ARL institutional repository websites. Slightly more than half of ARL institutional repositories do provide metadata documentation. Implications of the results are discussed, including specific research questions for moving forward. A call to reimagine documentation as a tool of transparency is delivered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the 1944 administrative law case Yakus v. United States which deals with a potential violation of America's Emergency Price Control Act of 1942 (EPCA) and the U.S. Office of Price Administration's (OPA's) price control regulations. The OPA's law enforcement campaign is addressed, along with the legal rights and obligations of meat packers, America's New Deal Era, and a black market for meat.

In the past ten years the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) has developed new ways to support cooperative development of critical research collections. CRL has expanded its role as a centralized aggregator of tangible collections to facilitate collection development, digitization, and licensing of collections by individual libraries and interest groups. This has required CRL to adopt new funding models, from partnerships and coalitions with key organizations, and use technology to support community engagement. Funding essential to this transition was provided by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, National Science Foundation, and the IMLS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sustainability is the capacity to endure. For academic libraries, sustainability may well require a radical recalibration of their historic value proposition. The “Great Recession” has accelerated profound changes in higher education funding and in the perception of higher education as a public good. Can libraries use scarcity to fuel the imagination? Can the singular strengths of libraries boost the ability of higher education to thrive, not merely survive? What can be learned from strategies employed in the Great Depression and other periods of severe constraint? Ultimately, how might libraries increase revenue, engender flexibility, foster collaboration, align activities, reduce costs, strengthen infrastructure, and encourage innovation within the framework of a sustainable academic business plan? This article examines these questions by using the University of Washington's 2Y2D (Two Years to Two Decades) initiative and the UW Libraries companion effort, Building Sustainable Futures, as a case study. 2Y2D provides an inclusive framework for near term action (two years) that will realize an aspirational future in the long-term (two decades). Building Sustainable Futures places a library lens over 2Y2D. The Libraries Research Commons exemplifies the synergistic intersection of the two initiatives and may be instructive for other environments and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The University Libraries' Information Commons opened its doors on January 2, 2002. Its mission is to create an inviting out-of-classroom environment for learning, growth, and enrichment through student-focused research assistance, outreach to all students, and innovative instructional services. This case study details the history of the Information Commons at the University of Arizona, the planning strategy, available services and high-tech equipment, partnerships with other campus units, staffing, lessons learned, challenges, policies, and assessment mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2003 the University of Mississippi Libraries made our MetaSearch tool publicly available. After a year of working with this product and integrating it into the library Web site, a wide variety of libraries interested in our implementation process and experiences began to call. Libraries interested in this product have included consortia, public, and academic libraries in the United States, Mexico, and Europe. This article was written in an effort to share the recommendations and concerns given. Much of the advice is general and could be applied to many of the MetaSearch tools available. Google Scholar and other open Web initiatives that could impact the future of MetaSearching are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports on a study that investigated how the transformation of institutional logics—the tearing down of old logics and the construction of new ones—opens up possibilities for actors to make new kinds of status claims. Drawing on a historical analysis of the field of finance in the United States and evidence on professional finance association foundings, I show how a transformation in the logics guiding the field and development of financial expertise shaped the professionalization of finance occupations from 1945 through 1993. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the Association of Research Libraries' (ARL) E-Metrics project to measure the resources, uses and expenditures for supporting networked services in a research library setting in the United States. Knowledge inventory of ARL libraries; Organization of an ARL working group on database vendor statistics.

Focuses on the predictions for the digital age of public school education in the U.S. Age of television and radio; Assumptions on the academic importance of research libraries; Emergence of distance education marketplace.

Focuses on the significant shift of the attitude of the people toward online communication with the advent of the Internet in the U.S. Significance of the Internet to the libraries; Variation on pricing and payment for electronic books; Production of mass-market novel of author Stephen King.

Focuses on the establishment of the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) for Afro-Americans in the U.S. Mission of HBCU; Creation of the organization; Challenges faced by HBCU in relation to information technology.

Examines the evolution of African-American libraries in colleges. Impact of racial discrimination on African-American universities; Collections of African history, literature and art; Review of the book 'Untold Stories: Civil Rights, Libraries, and Black Librarianship' edited by John Mark Tucker.

Focuses on the strategic planning of Utah Academic Library Consortium (UALC) in the development of cooperative projects for campus and distance learners. Promotion of UALC services to faculty and students; Significance of cooperation as a political strategy in gaining support for libraries.

Evaluates the public library collections for black children in the United States from 1915 to 1925. Branch libraries assessed for library collections; Reconstruction of relationship between African American librarians and young library users; Services to encouraged reading as a group activity and as an individual pursuit; Roles of black librarians.