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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a fundamental number of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Glucosamine was indicated to help prevent and control RNA virus infection preclinically, while its potential therapeutic effects on COVID‐19‐related outcomes are largely unknown. To assess the association of habitual glucosamine use with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, hospital admission, and mortality with COVID‐19 in a large population based cohort. Participants from UK Biobank were reinvited between June and September 2021 to have SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing. The associations between glucosamine use and the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were estimated by logistic regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for COVID‐19‐related outcomes were calculated using COX proportional hazards model. Furthermore, we carried out propensity‐score matching (PSM) and stratified analyses. At baseline, 42 673 (20.7%) of the 205 704 participants reported as habitual glucosamine users. During median follow‐up of 1.67 years, there were 15 299 cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 4214 cases of COVID‐19 hospital admission, and 1141 cases of COVID‐19 mortality. The fully adjusted odds ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with glucosamine use was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92–1.01). The fully adjusted HR were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74–0.87) for hospital admission, and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.69–0.95) for mortality. The logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analyses after PSM yielded consistent results. Our study demonstrated that habitual glucosamine use is associated with reduced risks of hospital admission and death with COVID‐19, but not the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have raised wide concerns. The association of PPIs with influenza is unexplored, while that with pneumonia or COVID-19 remains controversial. Our study aims to evaluate whether PPI use increases the risks of these respiratory infections., Methods: The current study included 160,923 eligible participants at baseline who completed questionnaires on medication use, which included PPI or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards regression and propensity score-matching analyses were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: Comparisons with H2RA users were tested. PPI use was associated with increased risks of developing influenza (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12-1.56) and pneumonia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.59). In contrast, the risk of COVID-19 infection was not significant with regular PPI use (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99-1.17), while the risks of severe COVID-19 (HR 1.19. 95% CI 1.11-1.27) and mortality (HR 1.37. 95% CI 1.29-1.46) were increased. However, when compared with H2RA users, PPI users were associated with a higher risk of influenza (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.19-2.54), but the risks with pneumonia or COVID-19-related outcomes were not evident., Conclusions: PPI users are associated with increased risks of influenza, pneumonia, as well as COVID-19 severity and mortality compared to non-users, while the effects on pneumonia or COVID-19-related outcomes under PPI use were attenuated when compared to the use of H2RAs. Appropriate use of PPIs based on comprehensive evaluation is required., Funding: This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171698, 82170561, 81300279, 81741067, 82100238), the Program for High-level Foreign Expert Introduction of China (G2022030047L), the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong Province (2021B1515020003), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515012081), the Foreign Distinguished Teacher Program of Guangdong Science and Technology Department (KD0120220129), the Climbing Program of Introduced Talents and High-level Hospital Construction Project of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (DFJH201923, DFJH201803, KJ012019099, KJ012021143, KY012021183), and in part by VA Clinical Merit and ASGE clinical research funds (FWL)., Competing Interests: RZ, YM, LZ, DL, RJ, HW, ZZ, QY, JL, FL, CD, WS, HC No competing interests declared, (© 2024, Zeng, Ma, Zhang et al.)