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The article considers the reception of the works by German dramatist August von Kotzebue (1761–1819) in Scotland during the Enlightenment. It considers references to Kotzebue in the writings of Scottish physicist John Robison, a founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and author of "Proofs of a Conspiracy," as well as novelist Walter Scott's essay for Encyclopedia Britannica "Essay on the Drama."

Introduction: Conscious Decision was published in 2000 by the Department of Health, effectively ending the provision of dental general anaesthesia (DGA) outside the hospital environment. Other aspects of dental anxiety and behavioural management and sedation techniques were encouraged before the decision to refer for a DGA was reached. Although some anxious children may be managed with relative analgesia (RA), some may require different sedation techniques for dentists to accomplish dental treatment. Little evidence has been published in the UK to support the use of alternative sedation techniques in children. This paper presents another option using an alternative conscious sedation technique. Aim: to determine whether a combination of intranasal midazolam (IN) and inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen is a safe and practical alternative to DGA. Study design: a prospective clinical audit of 100 cases was carried out on children referred to a centre for DGA. Method: 100 children between 3 and 13 years of age who were referred for DGA were treated using this technique. Sedation was performed by intranasal midazolam followed by titrating a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen. A range of dental procedures was carried out while the children were sedated. Parents were present during the dental treatment. Data related to the patient, dentistry and treatment as well as sedation variables were collected at the treatment visit and a telephonic post-operative assessment from the parents was completed a week later. Results: it was found that 96% of the required dental treatment was completed successfully using this technique, with parents finding this technique acceptable in 93% of cases. 50% of children found the intranasal administration of the midazolam acceptable. There was no clinically relevant oxygen desaturation during the procedure. Patients were haemodynamically stable and verbal contact was maintained throughout the procedure. Conclusions: in selected cases this technique provides a safe and effective alternative to DGA and could reduce the number of patients referred to hospitals for DGA. It is recommended that this technique should only be used by dentists skilled in sedation with the appropriate staff and equipment at their disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on changes in cartography in Great Britain as of as of August 2003. Discussion on the basic mapping abilities of our ancestors; History of cognitive mapping; Emergence of geographic information systems.

States that Great Britain is on the lead among the members of the European Union (EU) in the regulation of public utilities. Why Great Britain leads; Regulatory issues affecting reform in the public utilities sector; Why public ownership is a major obstacle to reform; Elements of market competition; Ways to improve customer service; Great Britain's compliance with EU policy.

The author comments on the article of John Mingers on management science and multimethodology in Great Britain. He asserts that he supports the arguments made by Mingers regarding the importance of statistical methods in management science as well as the awareness of the limitations and presuppositions of statistics approaches. He argues that Mingers has omitted to mention a serious problem in the use of Bayesian methods and caused him unable to provide genuine answers to his examples.

In the UK, Dental General Anaesthesia (DGA) was removed from primary care at the end of 2001. Since then anxious and 'difficult' paediatric dental patients have been treated using local anaesthesia with or without conscious sedation. Evidence has been lacking as to the safety and efficacy of paediatric dental sedation in primary care. Various centres have presented evidence of good clinical practice when anaesthetist-led. This study describes an audit of 500 children treated using intravenous midazolam and ketamine, by an operator-sedationist in a primary care setting.