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We describe the increasing importance of UK Civil Government OR and explore possible reasons for its expansion. We consider the organization of OR in Departments using centralized and bedded-out models, and describe the work it does in terms of the areas it covers and the techniques it employs; we also describe some specific projects and discuss the general points that arise from them. We analyse the present state of Government OR in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and conclude that the reality has advanced further than corresponding perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the Donovan Report, which reported on labor union regulations of the British Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers' Association from 1965 to 1968. To better understand the report, the report can be divided into several parts. One section of the report part comprises the legal and institutional proposals of the Commission. On the one side, these include proposals for an institutional mechanism to examine claims for recognition of unions by employers, for the legalization of a form of union which has hitherto been of dubious status, the 'secondary boycott,' and for provision of an enforceable right of appeal to the individual worker against dismissal. On the other side, the legal recommendations include one for a right of appeal by the individual against expulsion or exclusion from a union. Another part may be taken as an analysis of contemporary British Collective bargaining, and its proposals for the reform thereof. In summary, the argument of the Commission is that there are two systems of industrial relations in Britain: one is the formal system of national agreement and conciliation procedures arranged between officials of unions and employer associations, the other is an informal system of factory agreements.

This article focuses on the retrospect, prospect and possibilities of collective bargaining and the eclipse of incomes policy in Great Britain. The sum of informed opinion thus seems to be that incomes policy has certainly done something, but there is uncertainty as to exactly what that is, except that it is not necessarily quite what was expected. On balance, it seems probable that it has helped the government to keep the economy within a tolerable rate of inflation with less unemployment than would otherwise have been the case.

Presents several labor research papers of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers' Associations in Great Britain. "The Role of Shop Stewards in British Industrial Relations"; "Disputes Procedures in British Industry"; "Industrial Sociology and Industrial Relations"; "Productivity Bargaining and Restrictive Labour Practices"; "Trade Union Structure and Government"; "Overtime Working in Britain."

Aberrant glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells, and cancer-associated glycans have been detected in virtually every cancer type. A common change in tumour cell glycosylation is an increase in α2,6 sialylation of N-glycans, a modification driven by the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1. ST6GAL1 is overexpressed in numerous cancer types, and sialylated glycans are fundamental for tumour growth, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance, but the role of ST6GAL1 in prostate cancer is poorly understood. Here, we analyse matched cancer and normal tissue samples from 200 patients and verify that ST6GAL1 is upregulated in prostate cancer tissue. Using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS), we identify larger branched α2,6 sialylated N-glycans that show specificity to prostate tumour tissue. We also monitored ST6GAL1 in plasma samples from >400 patients and reveal ST6GAL1 levels are significantly increased in the blood of men with prostate cancer. Using both in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrate that ST6GAL1 promotes prostate tumour growth and invasion. Our findings show ST6GAL1 introduces α2,6 sialylated N-glycans on prostate cancer cells and raise the possibility that prostate cancer cells can secrete active ST6GAL1 enzyme capable of remodelling glycans on the surface of other cells. Furthermore, we find α2,6 sialylated N-glycans expressed by prostate cancer cells can be targeted using the sialyltransferase inhibitor P-3F AX -Neu5Ac. Our study identifies an important role for ST6GAL1 and α2,6 sialylated N-glycans in prostate cancer progression and highlights the opportunity to inhibit abnormal sialylation for the development of new prostate cancer therapeutics. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland., (© 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.)

Objective: Eating disorders are associated with significant illness burden and costs, yet access to evidence-based care is limited. Greater use of programme-led and focused interventions that are less resource-intensive might be part of the solution to this demand-capacity mismatch., Method: In October 2022, a group of predominantly UK-based clinical and academic researchers, charity representatives and people with lived experience convened to consider ways to improve access to, and efficacy of, programme-led and focused interventions for eating disorders in an attempt to bridge the demand-capacity gap., Results: Several key recommendations were made across areas of research, policy, and practice. Of particular importance is the view that programme-led and focused interventions are suitable for a range of different eating disorder presentations across all ages, providing medical and psychiatric risk are closely monitored. The terminology used for these interventions should be carefully considered, so as not to imply that the treatment is suboptimal., Conclusions: Programme-led and focused interventions are a viable option to close the demand-capacity gap for eating disorder treatment and are particularly needed for children and young people. Work is urgently needed across sectors to evaluate and implement such interventions as a clinical and research priority., (© 2023 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To determine the characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome., Design: Retrospective 20-year cohort study (2000-20)., Setting: Sixteen tertiary referral maternity units in the UK., Population or Sample: A total of 81 women with Turner syndrome who became pregnant., Methods: Retrospective chart analysis., Main Outcome Measures: Mode of conception, pregnancy outcomes., Results: We obtained data on 127 pregnancies in 81 women with a Turner phenotype. All non-spontaneous pregnancies (54/127; 42.5%) were by egg donation. Only 9/31 (29%) pregnancies in women with karyotype 45,X were spontaneous, compared with 53/66 (80.3%) pregnancies in women with mosaic karyotype 45,X/46,XX (P < 0.0001). Women with mosaic karyotype 45,X/46,XX were younger at first pregnancy by 5.5-8.5 years compared with other Turner syndrome karyotype groups (P < 0.001), and more likely to have a spontaneous menarche (75.8% versus 50% or less, P = 0.008). There were 17 miscarriages, three terminations of pregnancy, two stillbirths and 105 live births. Two women had aortic dissection (2.5%); both were 45,X karyotype with bicuspid aortic valves and ovum donation pregnancies, one died. Another woman had an aortic root replacement within 6 months of delivery. Ten of 106 (9.4%) births with gestational age data were preterm and 22/96 (22.9%) singleton infants with birthweight/gestational age data weighed less than the tenth centile. The caesarean section rate was 72/107 (67.3%). In only 73/127 (57.4%) pregnancies was there documentation of cardiovascular imaging within the 24 months before conceiving., Conclusions: Pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome is associated with major maternal cardiovascular risks; these women deserve thorough cardiovascular assessment and counselling before assisted or spontaneous pregnancy managed by a specialist team., Tweetable Abstract: Pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome is associated with an increased risk of aortic dissection., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Physiotherapists are currently working in primary care as first contact practitioners (FCP), assessing and managing patients with musculoskeletal conditions instead of GPs. There are no published data on these types of services., Aim: To evaluate a new service presenting the first 2 years of data., Design and Setting: Analysis of 2 years' data of patient outcomes and a patient experience questionnaire from two GP practices in Forth Valley NHS, UK. The service was launched in November 2015 in response to GP shortages., Method: Data were collected from every patient contact in the first 2 years. This included outcomes of appointments, GP support, capacity of the service, referral rates to physiotherapy and orthopaedics, numbers of steroid injections, and outcomes from orthopaedic referrals. A patient experience questionnaire was also conducted., Results: A total of 8417 patient contacts were made, with the majority managed within primary care ( n = 7348; 87.3%) and 60.4% ( n = 5083) requiring self-management alone. Referrals to orthopaedics were substantially reduced in both practices. Practice A from 1.1 to 0.7 per 1000 patients; practice B from 2.4 to 0.8 per 1000 patients. Of referrals to orthopaedics, 86% were considered 'appropriate'. Extended scope physiotherapists (ESPs) asked for a GP review in 1% of patients., Conclusion: The results suggest that patients with musculoskeletal conditions may be assessed and managed independently and effectively by physiotherapists instead of GPs. This has the potential to significantly reduce workload for GPs as the service requires minimal GP support. The majority of patients were managed within primary care, with low referral rates and highly appropriate referrals to orthopaedics. Patients reported positive views regarding the service., (© British Journal of General Practice 2019.)

Objectives: To determine whether increased postnatal support could influence maternal and child health outcomes., Design: This was a randomised controlled trial comparing maternal and child health outcomes for women offered either of the support interventions with those for control women receiving standard services only. Outcome data were collected through questionnaires distributed 12 and 18 months postrandomisation. Process data were also collected. There was also an integral economic evaluation., Setting and Participants: Women living in deprived enumeration districts in selected London boroughs were eligible for the trial if they gave birth between 1 January and 30 September 1999., Results: The 731 participants were found to be well matched in terms of socio-economic characteristics and health and support variables (14% of the participants were non-English speaking). Response rates at the two follow-up points were 90% and 82%. At both points there were no differences that could not be attributed to chance on the primary outcomes of maternal depression, child injury or maternal smoking. At the first follow-up, there was reduced use of general practitioners by support health visitor (SHV) children, but increased use of NHS health visitors and social workers by mothers. At the second follow-up, both community group support (CGS) and SHV mothers had less use of midwifery services (fewer were pregnant), and SHV mothers were less worried about their child's health and development. Uptake of the CGS intervention was low: 19%, compared with 94% for the SHV intervention. Satisfaction with the intervention among women in the SHV group was high. Based on the assumptions and conditions of the costing methods, the economic evaluation found no net economic cost or benefit of choosing either of the two interventions., Conclusions: There was no evidence of impact on the primary outcomes of either intervention. The SHV intervention was popular with women, and was associated with improvement in some of the secondary outcomes. This suggests that greater emphasis on the social support role of health visitors could improve some measures of family well-being. Possible areas for future research include a systematic review of social support and its effect on health; developing and testing other postnatal models of support that match more closely the age of the baby and the changing patterns of mothers' needs; evaluating other strategies for mobilising 'non-professional' support; developing and testing more culturally specific support interventions; developing more culturally appropriate standardised measures of health outcomes; providing longer term follow-up of social support interventions; and exploring the role of social support on the delay in subsequent pregnancy.