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The importance of information giving has been recognized and promoted in political, ethical and professional arenas and this has ultimately resulted in the publication of a vast amount of literature relating to the subject. This literature review considers the functions of patient information and the factors influencing information seeking for patients who have been diagnosed with cancer. Methods of providing information are discussed and the nurse's role in information giving is examined. A number of core problems are highlighted in relation to information giving. These problems, and possible reasons for them, are subsequently critically analysed. Finally, the literature relating to information needs of patients with cancer is evaluated and five key needs identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2014, the UK Forensic Science Regulator (FSR) commissioned a collaborative trial to assess the methods used by forensic service providers (FSPs) in the UK and Ireland for analysis, interpretation and reporting of mixed DNA profiles. Five different mixed samples of varying complexity with supporting mock case circumstances were tested using SGMPlus™ and the newly introduced DNA-17(+) multiplexes and reported by participating laboratories. The results demonstrated a high degree of consistency in analytical methods and allele designations, but some variation in the statistical evaluation and reporting of results. Some of the differences noted were attributable to the major technology change to 17(+)-STR systems which had recently been implemented across the UK at that time. The FSR made recommendations based on the trial outcomes which were intended to produce a more consistent approach to mixtures analysis, interpretation and reporting. Four years later, the Association of Forensic Science Providers (AFSP) repeated the trial, with all major UK and Ireland FSPs (both public sector and private companies) again participating. This second trial used the same mixture set as the 2014 trial but was focussed on the methods for interpretation and evaluation. Since 2014, all UK and Ireland FSPs have implemented probabilistic statistical software using continuous models enabling statistical evaluation of more complex mixtures than was possible in 2014. The trial was therefore aimed at investigating the value of these improved capabilities and also to investigate if there appeared to be marked differences between the different software tools in use in the UK. The results demonstrate a high degree of concordance within and between FSPs and across different evaluation models, and will provide important support for the use of such models in evaluation of mixed DNA profiles., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: In a society that perpetuates the strive for a perfect appearance, a fit body has become synonymous with success, but simultaneously hard to achieve. This represents a fertile ground for the development of Exercise Addiction (EA) alongside other disorders, such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). This study aims to explore the diffusion of EA in fitness settings in the United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, Hungary and the previously unexplored association with appearance anxiety, BDD, self-esteem and the use of fitness supplements., Methods: A large cross-sectional sample (N = 1711) was surveyed in fitness settings using the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI) and Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale (RSE) in addition to questions surrounding the use of fitness supplements., Results: Compulsive exercise, appearance anxiety and low self-esteem were present in this sample according to the psychometric measures used (EAI, AAI, RSE). 11.7% scored over the cut off for EA, with alarming peaks in the Netherlands (20.9%) and the United Kingdom (16.1%). 38.5% were found at risk of BDD, mainly female (47.2%). 39.8% used fitness enhancing supplements without medical consultation (95.5%). This cohort of supplement users scored higher in both EAI and AAI. The logistic regression model revealed a strong association between the consumption of sport products and the level of EA across the sample with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.03. Other co-variable factors among female were appearance anxiety (AAI; OR 1.59) and to a lesser extent self-esteem (RSE) (OR 1.08)., Conclusions: This study identified a high risk of EA, appearance anxiety and BDD amongst a cohort of gym users internationally. The previously-unexplored association between these disorders and the unsupervised use of a variety of fitness products, including illicit drugs, highlights the need for informed and integrated responses targeting such vulnerable individuals., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

This work describes a novel method, multiplex solid-phase fluorescent minisequencing, for the simultaneous detection of several point mutations and/or small deletions and insertions. The method is applied to the analysis of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms for the purposes of individual identification. A database of 152 British Caucasians and 103 British Afro-Caribbeans has been constructed, and the probability of a chance match between two unrelated individuals is calculated as 0.054 for Caucasians and 0.026 for Afro-Caribbeans.