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Aims and objectives To emphasise the impact of antibiotic resistance as a persistent, global health threat and highlight efforts to improve this complex problem. Background Political agendas, legislation, development of therapies and educational initiatives are essential to mitigate the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance. Design Original manuscript. Results Prescribers, policymakers and researchers are charged with the complex task of mitigating antibiotic resistance in an era when new treatments for bacterial infections are limited. Conclusions Monitoring, surveillance and incentivising of practice, policy and new treatments provide solutions to antibiotic resistance in both the human and agricultural sectors. Relevance to clinical practice This article emphasises the complexity of antibiotic resistance and highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to improve health care outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]