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Aim: Self‐rated health, a measure of self‐reported general health, is a robust predictor of morbidity and mortality in various populations, including persons with diabetes. This study examines correlates of self‐rated health in adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: Participants recruited from the UK and USA (n = 295; mean (± sd) age: 61.5 ± 10.7 years; 69% male; 71% type 2 diabetes) rated their health at baseline and 18 months. DPN severity was assessed using the neuropathy disability score and the vibration perception threshold. Validated self‐report measures assessed neuroticism, DPN‐symptoms of pain, unsteadiness and reduced sensation in feet, DPN‐related limitations in daily activities, DPN‐specific emotional distress and symptoms of depression. Results: In the fully adjusted baseline model, younger age, presence of cardiovascular disease and higher depression symptom scores showed likely clinically meaningful independent associations with worse health ratings. Being at the UK study site and presence of nephropathy indicated potentially meaningful independent associations with lower baseline health ratings. These predictors were largely consistent in their association with health ratings at 18 months. Conclusion: Results identify independent correlates of health ratings among adults with DPN. Future research should investigate the clinical implications of associations and examine changes in these variables over time and potential effects on changes in health perceptions. If these associations reflect causal pathways, our results may guide interventions to target issues that are likely to have an impact on subjectively experienced health as an important patient‐reported outcome in DPN care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]