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Research demonstrates that young people value mental health support that is tailored to their needs and preferences, rather than a "one size fits all" offer, which is often not equitably accessible (National Children's Bureau, 2021). Understanding young people's lived experiences across different sociocultural contexts is important. The aim of this research was to conduct an international qualitative study on the views of young people with lived experience and professionals, on proposed aspects of personalised support for anxiety and/or depression. Participatory action focus groups were conducted with N = 120 young people with lived experience of anxiety and/or depression (14-24 years) and with N = 63 professionals in Brazil, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique. Overall, although some country-specific differences were found in terms of what aspects of support young people found to be most important, individual preferences were considered stronger, furthering the view that support should be personalised to the needs of the individual young person. Young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression should be able to choose for themselves which aspects of support they would prefer in their own care and support plans, with families and mental health professionals providing guidance where appropriate, rather than removing the young person from the decision-making process altogether. It should also be ensured that the aspects of personalised support can be understood by young people and professionals from different contexts, including marginalised and minoritised groups and communities.

Multi-campus university systems are not a new phenomenon. In their foundational analysis of multi-campus universities in the United States published in 1971, Lee and Bowen noted that almost 40% of American students were enroled in institutions that were part of multi-campus systems. The role of these complex multi-campus systems has continued to grow, though they have received surprisingly little attention in the academic literature (Gaither, 1999). In addition to the United States, multi-campus universities have become an integral feature of higher education systems such as the United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa. Their emergence is either a result of predetermined efforts by policy makers or institutional leaders to spread activities across multiple geographies, or the outcome of amalgamation processes involving higher education institutions located in different localities. Yet, despite the adoption of multi-campus university systems in many jurisdictions, surprisingly little is known about the inner workings and key challenges facing these complex systems. This special issue takes an important step towards addressing this knowledge gap. In so doing, it brings together contributions emanating from a multiplicity of national higher education systems, shedding light on key aspects associated with both formal and informal structures, as well as the tensions and dilemmas facing contemporary multi-campus university systems. What is more, both conceptualisation and theorisation in and around multi-campus university systems has been largely neglected, and this is also an aspect that this special issue aims to address. Each author was free to approach a specific case(s) from a particular conceptual or theoretical perspective, thus providing a rich variety of perspectives on the complexity surrounding multi-campus university systems. Taken together, the contributions provided here underline the need for a more sophisticated conceptual and empirical analysis underpinning the emergence and development over time of multi-campus university systems. They also point to the need to approach multi-campus university systems from a more holistic and comprehensive perspective, as one of the many elements composing a complex ecosystem that includes: (1) formalised structures and arrangements, including mechanisms designed by both the state or the "superstructure" (Clark, 1983) and university leadership ("middlestructure") at various levels; (2) informal cultures and deeply institutionalised values, identities and traditions, which make each university and its respective campus constellations somewhat unique in their own right (Clark, 1992); and (3) social networks involving a multiplicity of internal and external actors or stakeholders, from whom both strategic resources and legitimacy are drawn from (Pinheiro, 2015). All in all, the contributions composing this special issue provide new insights on the inner workings of multi-campus universities, not least with respect to the multiple challenges and tensions facing both managers and academics involved with such systems.

Objective: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). However, not all patients adequately respond to the treatment, and there are frequent concerns about the safety of long‐term use of PPIs. Our aim was to identify the main problems/complaints of SSc patients on PPIs, as well as understand their unmet needs. Methods: SSc patients treated with PPIs were invited through international patient associations and social media to participate in an online survey. Results: We gathered 301 valid responses from 14 countries (United Kingdom 19.3% and United States 70.4%). Multiple PPIs use (two: 30% and three: 21% in series) was common. The majority (89%) reported improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms from receiving PPIs. Side effects attributed to receiving PPIs were uncommon (19%); however, most (79%) were potentially concerned. Around half (58%) had received lifestyle information, and most (85%) had searched online for information about PPIs. Only in the minority (12%) had a surgical approach been discussed; however, half (46%) indicated that they would be willing to undergo surgery to resolve their GERD symptoms but had important concerns. Conclusion: Despite the frequent use of PPIs in patients with SSc, there is significant heterogeneity in prescription, and combination therapy (PPIs plus other medication for acid reflux) is not uncommon (approximately 40%). Patients have significant concerns about PPIs side effects. Education about PPIs is often neglected, and patients very frequently use online sources to obtain information on drug treatment. A surgical approach is infrequently discussed, and patients fear this potential therapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost deviations have long been a relevant research topic within the field of public works and infrastructure. Attempts to evaluate the frequency of cost deviations and overruns (CDOs), and the magnitude of these deviations, have been reported in the literature. Using data published by the UK National Audit Office in the period 1985–2018, a unique overview of 175 UK transport projects is provided in this paper. The aim of this work was to evaluate CDOs in the UK and to identify the main determinants, with a focus on exogenous determinants (context-related), which have been neglected in the existing literature. The results confirm that transport projects show a tendency towards overruns, although there are significant differences between road projects (with an average deviation of 18%) and other types of transport projects (with an average deviation of 60%). The results show that an increase in government efficiency levels leads to a decrease in cost overruns. The findings support an existing theory that there is evidence of the existence of political determinants in cost overruns, but also that economic dynamics play a role in explaining cost overruns. Whether the political bias is psychologically or strategically driven is yet to be demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study builds upon the concept of alignment within the curriculum (due to Biggs) and suggests, in the context of two current examples, an integrated methodology for effectively aligned development activities within universities. Higher Education institutions face important challenges. Firstly, quality enhancement of the curriculum is now an institutional concern, if not a priority, in the face of governmental pressure and in a competitive environment. It is no longer a matter of individual endeavour. Secondly, we now have a basic pedagogy for adult learning, and should put that into practice systematically. And thirdly, staff are now faced with the demand to commit themselves to professional development, and to determine what that means in terms of their particular profession. This paper considers these challenges, and relates them to the argument for an integrated methodology for institutional, staff and curriculum development, which aligns these activities rather more effectively than hitherto. At the same time, it advocates a logical model for curriculum development, as a complementary tool of alignment for student-centred curriculum development. The argument is illustrated by recent work in the Open University in the UK and in the Universidade de Aveiro in Portugal.

Background: There is growing evidence that anterolateral procedures can reduce the risk of rerupture in high-risk recreational athletes undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). However, this effectiveness has never been evaluated in elite athletes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) in reducing revision rates in primary ACLR in elite athletes. Additionally, this study evaluated whether LET had a greater effect when combined with ACLR utilizing a hamstring or patellar tendon graft. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A consecutive cohort of elite athletes with an isolated ACL tear undergoing autograft patellar or hamstring tendon reconstruction with or without Lemaire LET were analyzed between 2005 and 2018. A minimum 2-year follow-up was required. The association between the use of LET and ACL graft failure as defined by revision ACLR was evaluated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: A total of 455 elite athletes (83% men and overall age 22.5 ± 4.7 years) underwent primary ACLR with (n = 117) or without (n = 338) a LET procedure. Overall, 36 athletes (7.9%) experienced ACL graft failure, including 32 (9.5%) reconstructions without a LET and 4 (3.4%) with a LET. Utilization of LET during primary ACLR reduced the risk of graft failure by 2.8 times, with 16.5 athletes needing LET to prevent a single ACL graft failure. Multivariate models showed that LET significantly reduced the risk of graft rupture (relative risk = 0.325; P =.029) as compared with ACLR alone after controlling for sex and age at ACLR. Including graft type in the model did not significantly change the risk profile, and although a patellar tendon graft had a slightly lower risk of failure, this was not statistically significant (P =.466). Conclusion: The addition of LET reduced the risk of undergoing revision by 2.8 times in elite athletes undergoing primary ACLR. This risk reduction did not differ significantly between the patellar tendon and hamstring tendon autografts. With these results, status as an elite athlete should be included in the indications for a LET, as they are at increased risk for ACL graft failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The objective of this study was to describe ondansetron drug utilization patterns during pregnancy to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). Moreover, we aimed to describe the maternal factors associated with NVP and antiemetic use. Methods: The data consist of pregnancies with a live birth(s) within an IMRD‐UK registered GP practice. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate patterns of ondansetron use in pregnancy and to describe maternal characteristics associated with NVP and antiemetic drug utilization. We differentiate first‐ from second‐line use during pregnancy using antiemetic prescription pathways. Results: The dataset included 733 633 recorded complete pregnancies from 2005 to 2019. NVP diagnosis and ondansetron prescription prevalence increased from 2.7% and 0.1% in 2005 to 4.8% and 2.5% in 2019 respectively. Over the period 2015–2019, the most common oral daily dosages were 4 mg/d (8.5%), 8 mg/d (37.1%), 12 mg/d (37.5%) and between 16 and 24 mg/d (16.9%). Prescription of ondansetron was initiated during the first trimester of pregnancy in 40% of the cases and was moderately used as a first‐line therapy (2.8%), but preferred choice of second‐line therapy. Women with mental health disorders, asthma and/or prescribed folic acid were more likely to experience NVP and use antiemetics in pregnancy than their counterparts. Conclusion: This study confirms that ondansetron is increasingly used off‐label to treat NVP during pregnancy, also in the first trimester and before other prescription antiemetics have been prescribed. Several maternal comorbidities and folic acid use were more common among women experiencing NVP and using antiemetics, including ondansetron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how first-tier suppliers in multi-tier supply chains adapt their vertical and horizontal relationships to reduce the risk of slavery-like practices. Design/methodology/approach: Using Archer's morphogenetic theory as an analytical lens, this paper presents case analyses adduced from primary and secondary data related to the development of relational anti-slavery supply capabilities in Brazilian–UK beef and timber supply chains. Findings: Four distinct types of adaptation were found among first-tier suppliers: horizontal systemisation, vertical systemisation, horizontal transformation and vertical differentiation. Research limitations/implications: This study draws attention to the socially situated nature of corporate action, moving beyond the rationalistic discourse that underpins existing research studies of multi-tier, socially sustainable, supply chain management. Cross-sector comparison highlights sub-country and intra-sectoral differences in both institutional setting and the approaches and outcomes of individual corporate actors' initiatives. Sustainable supply chain management theorists would do well to seek out those institutional entrepreneurs who actively reshape the institutional conditions within which they find themselves situated. Practical implications: Practitioners may benefit from adopting a structured approach to the analysis of the necessary or contingent complementarities between their, primarily economic, objectives and the social sustainability goals of other, potential, organizational partners. Social implications: A range of interventions that may serve to reduce the risk of slavery-like practices in global commodity chains are presented. Originality/value: This paper presents a novel analysis of qualitative empirical data and extends understanding of the agential role played by first-tier suppliers in global, multi-tier, commodity, supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Football is the most popular sport, globally and in the United Kingdom. However it generates a range of negative environmental impacts, such as climate change, due to an extensive amount of travel involved. The growing contribution of football clubs to the global carbon footprint has been recognised, but never consistently assessed. This study assesses the carbon footprint of the English Premier League (EPL) clubs, using the patterns of their domestic travel in the 2016/2017 season as a proxy for analysis. The study shows that, within the 2016/17 season, the EPL clubs produced circa 1134 tonnes of CO 2- eq. as a result of their travel, where transportation accounts for 61% of the carbon footprint. To reduce this carbon footprint, a careful review of the current corporate travel and procurement practices in the EPL clubs is necessary. This is in order to optimise the travel itineraries, prioritise more climate-benign modes of transport and contract budget accommodation providers with the 'green' credentials. • An attempt to assess the carbon footprint of a national football tournament. • A case study of domestic travel of the English Premier League clubs. • Transportation accounts for 61% of the carbon footprint. • Reducing the number of air travel is a prime mitigation opportunity. • Hosting matches at 'neutral' stadia can halve the carbon footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a decade ago the UK government launched its gifted and talented education policy in England, yet there has been very little published research which considers how schools and teachers are interpreting and implementing the policy. By seeking the views of the gifted and talented co-ordinators (For ease of reference, the term gifted and talented (G&T) co-ordinator is used throughout the paper as a generic shorthand for the research participants who were either designated school gifted and talented co-ordinators or teachers or head teachers with responsibility for policy implementation) with responsibility for addressing the requirements of the policy, the study reported in this paper explored how primary schools in England responded to the policy. Drawing on data gathered using questionnaires with a national sample of primary schools as well as follow-up in-depth interviews with a sample of G&T co-ordinators, the authors report their findings. The study found that there was considerable unease about the concept of identifying and 'labelling' a group of pupils as 'gifted and talented'. G&T co-ordinators found it difficult to interpret the policy requirements and were responding pragmatically to what they considered to be required by the government. Curriculum provision for the selected group of gifted and talented pupils was patchy. The paper concludes by identifying a need for further professional development for teachers and by challenging the policy's over-emphasis on identifying and labelling gifted and talented pupils. We posit whether the gifted and talented education policy would have been better introduced and enjoyed greater success by leaving the identification of pupils to one side and by placing greater emphasis on developing effective learning and teaching strategies instead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses candidate performance in the three components of the MRCP(UK) examination to establish when they are most likely to pass. Using data from the 2010 and 2011 MRCP(UK) examinations, pass rates of candidates who gained their primary medical qualification (PMQ) in 2005 or later were analysed. Results from a total of 22,827 candidates were included in the study: 12,517 (54.8%) from Part 1, 5,545 (24.3%) from Part 2 written and 4,765 (20.9%) from the Part 2 practical assessment of clinical examination skills (PACES). The results show that candidates are more likely to pass Part 1 and Part 2 written 12-24 months after graduation and to pass Part 2 PACES 25-36 months after graduation. When we consider the training programme for physicians in the UK, successful candidates are likely to be in foundation programmes or early core or specialty training when they achieve success. At the moment, some candidates are dissuaded from taking the examination during their foundation programme, but our data show that their likelihood of success is highest during this period of training. The analysis also shows that for candidates who fail their first attempt, delaying their next attempt by one diet significantly increases the likelihood of them passing at their next attempt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reported in this paper explores how primary school teachers in England are responding to the gifted and talented initiative, introduced by the UK government a decade ago. A survey carried out with a national sample of primary school teachers showed that an increasing proportion of teachers, compared with a survey carried out in 1996, were identifying their gifted and talented children. There was also an increase in the number of schools which have policies for gifted and talented education. However, the survey also indicated a number of issues which need addressing if the initiative is to achieve its objective of providing the best possible educational opportunities for children. For example, it was found that a significant number of practitioners were not aware of the existence of the National Quality Standards for gifted and talented education, provided by the UK government in 2007, and the subject-specific criteria provided by the UK'S Curriculum Authority for identification and provision have been largely ignored. The process of identifying gifted and talented children seems haphazard and based on pragmatic considerations. Analysis of teachers' responses also revealed a range of views and theoretical positioning held by them, which may have implications for classroom practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]