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The article describes two cases of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) in Great Britain and their association with equine herpes virus type 5 (EHV-5). Results of post-mortem, histological and ultrastructural examinations describe the nodular lesions throughout the lungs, the alveolar macrophages within the alveolar space, and parenchyma. The most prominent diagnostic features of EMPF were found to be the radiographic and ultrasonographic appearances of the horses' lungs.

The article discusses the cause of the syndrome of anaemia and immunodeficiency in a pony in Great Britain. It discusses the reported clinical signs of the disease, which includes weakness, dyspnoea, and nasal discharge. It suggests that a progressive fall in red blood cell count is an early symptom of the disease. It cites several symptomatic treatment for the disease, including rehydration, antibiotics, and analgesia.

In phenylketonuria (PKU), variable dietary advice provided by health professionals and social media leads to uncertainty for patients/caregivers reliant on accurate, evidence based dietary information. Over four years, 112 consensus statements concerning the allocation of foods in a low phenylalanine diet for PKU were developed by the British Inherited Metabolic Disease Dietitians Group (BIMDG-DG) from 34 PKU treatment centres, utilising 10 rounds of Delphi consultation to gain a majority (≥75%) decision. A mean of 29 UK dietitians (range: 18-40) and 18 treatment centres (range: 13-23) contributed in each round. Statements encompassed all foods/food groups divided into four categories based on defined protein/phenylalanine content: (1) foods high in protein/phenylalanine (best avoided); (2) foods allowed without restriction including fruit/vegetables containing phenylalanine ≤75 mg/100 g and most foods containing protein ≤0.5 g/100 g; (3) foods that should be calculated/weighed as an exchange food if they contain protein exchange ingredients (categorized into foods with a protein content of: >0.1 g/100 g (milk/plant milks only), >0.5 g/100 g (bread/pasta/cereal/flours), >1 g/100 g (cook-in/table-top sauces/dressings), >1.5 g/100 g (soya sauces)); and (4) fruit/vegetables containing phenylalanine >75 mg/100 g allocated as part of the protein/phenylalanine exchange system. These statements have been endorsed and translated into practical dietary management advice by the medical advisory dietitians for the National Society for PKU (NSPKU).

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an increasing problem worldwide and combinations of antimicrobial agents have been recommended to delay the onset of treatment failures. The objective of this study was to obtain in vitro data on the activity of current (ceftriaxone or cefixime plus azithromycin) and alternative (gentamicin plus azithromycin) regimens., Methods: A panel of 64 gonococcal isolates displaying various cefixime MICs was selected for inclusion in the study. Determination of the activities of the antimicrobial combinations of ceftriaxone, cefixime or gentamicin with azithromycin was performed using the agar dilution method and subsequent calculation of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values., Results: No antagonism for any of the antimicrobial combinations was detected among the 64 gonococcal isolates. When cefixime or ceftriaxone was combined with azithromycin all isolates showed additivity/indifference with a mean FICI of 2.0. All gonococcal isolates also showed additivity/indifference with the antimicrobial combination of gentamicin with azithromycin, but with a lower mean FICI of 1.7. No significant difference in the mean FICI between isolates fully susceptible to cefixime and isolates with decreased susceptibility to cefixime was observed., Conclusions: The results obtained support the gonorrhoea treatment currently recommended in the UK national guidelines and suggest that gentamicin with azithromycin could be a future treatment option. The in vivo activity and efficacy of these combinations remain unknown and prospective clinical studies should be addressed.