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This paper focuses on the analysis of the different motifs that shape the linguistic expression of shame and guilt in Old English. Through the fine-grained analysis of the whole set of shame and guilt expressions recorded in a corpus of Old English texts, a network of literal and figurative conceptualizations for each emotion is proposed. On the basis of these expressions, I argue here that body-related expressions (either metonymic or metaphoric) occupy a very secondary role in the Anglo-Saxon imagery of shame and guilt. In clear contrast with this view of shame and guilt as instruments of social control, the Christianization of England implied the spread of new shame-related values and the growing use of a new set of embodied conceptualizations for the two emotions under scrutiny here, most of which have become common figurative expressions of shame and guilt in later varieties of English. The new expressions (e.g. SHAME IS REDNESS IN THE FACE and SHAME IS SOMETHING COVERING A PERSON) illustrate the shift towards a progressive embodiment of the new emotional standards brought by Christianization. According to these standards, rather than an external judgment or reproach, shame and guilt involve a negative evaluation of oneself. Furthermore, I argue here that these onomasiological changes are informing us on the lexical choices of Old English speakers and on the sociolinguistic factors that conditioned the development of new emotional styles (i.e., the different ways feelings were expressed and, surely, felt) in Anglo-Saxon England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to reflect on the origins and meanings of names describing investment practices that integrate a consideration of environmental, social and corporate governance issues in the academic literature. A review of 190 academic papers spanning the period from 1975 to mid-2009 was conducted. This exploratory study evaluated the associations and disassociations of the primary name assigned to this genre of investment with variables grouped into five domains, namely Primary Ethical Position, Investment Strategy, Publication Date, Regions Covered and Periodical Type. The study indicated that papers coded as expressing a deontological ethical position were more frequently associated with the name Ethical Investment, whereas those with an ambiguous ethical position were less frequently associated with Ethical Investment. Three investment strategies (positive screening, best-in-class and cause-based investing) were unusually associated with the primary name Responsible Investment. A strong preference for the name Ethical Investment was noted in the United Kingdom, and contrasted starkly with an apparent aversion for this name in the United States. The name Ethical Investment is significantly more frequently used in journals dealing with ethics, business ethics and philosophy than in finance, economic and investment journals. Finally, the study yielded some weak hints that the name Responsible Investment might perhaps be linked to an egoist ethical position. On the basis of this, and because these have already been substantively linked through the Principles for Responsible Investment in the popular discourse, we follow the heuristic tradition set by Sparkes (Business Ethics Eur Rev 10:194-201, ), and propose that Responsible Investment be defined as 'Investment practices that integrate a consideration of ESG issues with the primary purpose of delivering higher-risk-adjusted financial returns'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of the island named Hinba, referred to in Adomnán's Life of Columba, has exercised scholarly attention intermittently for hundreds of years. Successfully identifying Hinba would have the potential to enhance our understanding of the geography, politics and culture of western Scotland in the early medieval period. This article analyses Adomnán's references to Hinba and assesses the toponymic, material culture and written evidence pertaining to the islands of western Scotland, to propose Canna as the most likely location. A review of the stone sculpture and archaeological remains on Canna supports the proposition. An inquiry into the probable geographical feature referred to by Adomnán as Muirbolc Már includes a summary of the known instances of the placename element muirbolc in Scotland and Northern Ireland and proposes that it may not, as generally thought, indicate an enclosed bay. The significance of Eigg, where one of Columba's disciples was marooned en route to Hinba, is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency distributions of personal given names offer important insights into the nature of the information economy. Here I present data on the popularity of the most frequent personal given names in the United Kingdom over the past millennium. The data show that the popularity of names, like the popularity of other symbols and artifacts associated with the information economy, can be usefully viewed as a power law. The frequency distribution of personal names, graphed as the logarithm of name popularity against the logarithm of name popularity rank, is similar to other popularity distributions where people and organizations are free to create and choose among many collections of symbols used in a similar way. Naming is seen to be representative of more general patterns of behavior in the information economy. Furthermore, the data suggest that historically distinctive changes in the information economy occurred in conjunction with the Industrial Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]