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Contracts involving the supply and installation of IT systems, particularly those involving the supply of bespoke systems or the customisation of standard systems, are inherently risky. It is common practice, therefore, for suppliers of IT solutions and services to limit their liability in supply contracts. Their ability to do so in the UK is restricted by a number of statutory frameworks. These include (i) the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (UCTA), (ii) the Misrepresentation Act 1967 (MA); and (iii) in business to consumer contracts, the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1994 (UTCCR). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The practical operationalisation of resilience within cities is strongly linked to technology, such as better construction materials or redesigning urban form. Institutional and private sector actors often focus on issues relating to the technological innovation journey, such as 'pathways' to implementation or 'barriers' to market uptake, rather than whether adaptive technologies are the most appropriate resilience solution. These discourses frame urban resilience from the perspective of an innovation journey where technologies are perceived to succeed if there is high uptake. However, given the multi-perspective and multi-scale nature of urban resilience, the idea of 'success' inevitably has complex spatial, temporal and scalar dimensions. The paper uses the case of property level flood resilience (PFR) technologies in the United Kingdom to introduce the notion of 'contingent resilience' as a means to understand the trade-offs that are part of assessing and evaluating climate resilient technologies. We reveal that there are fundamental contradictions in what is deemed as a 'success' depending on who is framing the problem, when the judgement is made, or where the scale of analysis lies. Above all, the paper highlights the importance of illuminating the struggles that do not just define success, but that spatially and temporally redistribute climate resilience in a hidden manner. • Climate resilience in urban areas is increasingly turning to adaptive technologies in practice. • Governments define success via innovation journeys and market uptake. • Success in adaptive technologies varies between actors, across scales, and over time. • We should recognise the continency of resilience when appraising the success of adaptive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how different publics within society perceive and experience air pollution is key in designing communication efforts able to catalyse positive behavioural changes at the individual level. The literature suggests that place, age, educational level and income all shape, to some extent, how citizens perceive air pollution. The role of gender, however, has been less explored. The few studies that investigate it, found that women perceive air quality to be worse when compared to men. A complementary growing body of work explores how women and men have different socially constructed behaviours in areas that are key to air pollution (e.g. transport and public spaces in cities), suggesting that differences in perception do need to be looked at more closely. Based on this, we conducted a survey study (n=365) in Greater Manchester (UK) and found that women perceived air pollution to be more threatening and were more aware of the damage it causes. Based on these findings, we conducted a series of interviews with women (n=30) to explore their experiences of air pollution and imaginings of clean urban environments. When asked about how they pictured a transformation towards a clean urban environment, they reflected on the need for cycling infrastructure or a larger presence of green and blue spaces in the city. But they adopted a holistic approach and went beyond that to discuss how clean air comes hand-in-hand with an improved life in the city, where homelessness, inequality, and littering are tackled and communities made stronger, so that spending time outdoors and walking become pleasant activities. Health was at the forefront of these discourses and an important motivator of clean transport choices such as walking or cycling. One clear implication of this study is that in order to design communication strategies that are effective, attention has to be brought to the experiential knowledge of different people in society, such as those of women. Furthermore, the "health frame" that appears to be tightly linked to sustainable transportation behaviours, could be a powerful tool for communication, over other frames such as the "environmental frame" or the "economic frame". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]