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Previous comparative research has revealed recent high and rising school exclusion rates in England and a contrasting picture of much lower and reducing rates in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In this paper, we examine findings from new research into school exclusion policies across the four countries of the UK. This interrogates for the first time how the problem of 'school exclusion' is framed within these four distinct policy contexts. We take up the question of how policy levers and drivers may shape patterns and trends in permanent exclusion and suspension/temporary exclusion. This analysis reveals that, despite broad agreement in policy on a need to reduce exclusion and increase equity across the UK jurisdictions, there are diverging policy stances on the purposes of exclusion, responsibilities of schools and the role of the state overall in bringing about change. We conclude that deeper critical engagement with policy contexts is a vital element in understanding the persistence of school exclusion itself but also the differential rates of exclusion across the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on findings from the first cross-national study of school exclusions in the four jurisdictions of the UK. It sketches factors associated with the past research with reductions in exclusions. It then reports interview data gathered in England in 2018 from five specialist officers working in two Local Authorities and a senior officer working for a national voluntary organisation. The officers describe good practice but also national, local and school level developments contributing to a deteriorating situation. These developments include unhelpful government guidance and regulations; school accountability frameworks affecting curriculum and leading to the neglect of Special Educational Needs; loss of Local Authority powers and funding resulting in reductions in support services. Data gathered for this study in other UK jurisdictions suggests that in Scotland and Northern Ireland, and to a lesser extent in Wales, a practice that avoids school exclusions has persisted more than in England.

While mainstream schools have seen an increasing focus on performance and attainment in recent years, this focus has often been resisted by special and alternative educational provision in the United Kingdom. However, concern is now growing about the low levels of achievement for children and young people educated outside mainstream schools. This article reports the findings of an evaluation which examined the work of one group of special school head teachers who set out to develop an alternative framework for mapping, tracking and evaluating achievement; one which would be recognisable to, but not limited by, the pressures on the mainstream. The findings suggest that, if adopted more widely, such a framework could contribute to the search for common ground and common understanding across different educational settings, with the potential to bring direct benefits to pupils but also to make a contribution to addressing under-achievement and educational inequalities more broadly.

Aims and objectives: Surveillance of wound infection including signs of infection alongside antimicrobial usage (types, duration, frequency) can highlight knowledge gaps and inconsistencies. This manuscript aims to highlight these, identify and inform opportunities for practice improvement and to show impact of infection management practice may be having on the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Background: Infected wounds pose challenges to healthcare professionals. Balancing risk of wound deterioration and progression to systemic infection with appropriate use of antimicrobials is necessary to minimise development of resistance. Methods: Analysis consisted of a practice survey of 9661 wounds across 70 community sites over a period of one week. Data were collected from projects between 2017 and 2020. The form was available to providers within the UK, Ireland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. EQUATOR research guidelines were followed; STROBE checklist for observational research reporting was completed. Results: Infection rates of 8.9% were reported from wounds assessed. These data indicate inconsistencies with diagnosis across practice with non‐specialists more likely to be unsure of wound infection. Greater confidence in infection identification was observed as number of signs increased. Inconsistencies were also observed in appropriate treatment; antimicrobials were used in 35% of wounds considered not infected and not used in 41% of wounds that were identified as infected. Conclusions: This investigation of infection management practice of over 9000 wounds provides an insight into diagnosis and treatment of infection. Inconsistencies in diagnosis and treatment of wound infections reported highlight the need for increased education, awareness of diagnosis and treatment of infection. Relevance to clinical practice: Variability in management of infected wounds highlights opportunities to aid more effective diagnosis and treatment of infected wounds. Incorporation of support tools or evidence‐based pathways into practice may enhance confidence in management of local infection, balanced with appropriate use, potentially minimising resistance and improving outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes restorative justice as an example of an initiative that crosses disciplinary boundaries, and that has been usefully applied within educational contexts. Grounded in criminology, restorative justice also has roots in psychology, education, sociology, peace studies, philosophy and law. The article draws on an ESRC funded seminar series which investigated interdisciplinary perspectives on restorative justice and their applicability to education. The series found that the ways in which restorative justice is conceptualised and applied varies according to disciplinary norms and assumptions. It is this creative tension that the current article explores.

This paper examines the introduction of Restorative Approaches (RA) in schools in the UK, contextualising this within a discussion of international concerns about school safety, (in)discipline and school violence. It explores questions about the compatibility of RA with zero tolerance and positive/assertive discipline approaches and the use of disciplinary exclusion in a "risk society" (Beck, 1992; Giddens, 1990). It focuses on the experience of schools in relation to Garland's concern with "the decline of the rehabilitative ideal and the re-emergence of punitive sanctions", to interrogate the pressures on schools to manage unruly behaviour where "policies need to be seen to be tough, smart and popular with the public" (2001, pp.13-14). (Contains 1 figure and 1 note.)

Indiscipline in schools in the UK continues to be the subject of fierce debate. The views of young people as pupils in these schools continue to be marginalised despite their centrality to this debate and their ability to offer a unique set of perspectives. An exploration of the views of a generality of pupils suggests the need to challenge many of the most powerful assumptions about issues of exclusion, non-attendance and disruption in schools but, significantly, also gives grounds for new hope. (Contains 3 tables.)

For centuries there have been strong tensions between Gypsy/Traveller communities and their nation states. Today, discrimination against Gypsies/Travellers in the UK is still so widespread that it has been described as the last "respectable" form of racism. The paper argues that the experiences of Gypsies/Travellers, as they come into contact with the structures of education, reveal a continuing discrimination against one of the most disadvantaged minority ethnic groups in the UK; a discrimination that, at the same time, points to continuing "contradictions and significant silences" within the UK government, and Scottish Executive, policy drive to reduce social exclusion. (Contains 2 notes.)

This paper explores definitions and understandings of restorative practices in education. It offers a critique of current theoretical models of restorative justice originally derived from the criminal justice system and now becoming popular in educational settings. It questions the appropriateness of these concepts as they are being introduced to schools in parts of the UK and refers to a recent Scottish Executive funded pilot initiative to implement restorative practices in schools. The paper then reflects on some findings from the evaluation of this pilot project, outlines a new notion of restorative approaches and suggests that this broader conceptualisation may offer an important way in which to promote social justice in education and to reassess the importance and inevitability of conflicting social interaction and structures inherent in schools as complex social institutions. (Contains 3 figures and 2 tables.)

A survey of UK fertility counsellors' experiences of the impact on their service, including its availability, during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 received 64 responses. Fifty three respondents had continued to provide a service. Forty now worked from a wholly/substantially different location to normal but many clinics provided no practical support for this (n = 17), or remote access to relevant clinic (n = 17) or client information (n = 12) and twenty five respondents reported reduced multi-disciplinary involvement. Few received regular information updates. Some whose service was stopped (n = 11) abruptly lost income and/or were unsure whether they could or would resume working. Increased remote counselling proved crucial for accessibility and could be effective. Concerns included fatigue, technical and practical challenges, confidentiality, lowered therapeutic effectiveness. Respondents supported patients having choice over how to receive counselling in the future but a third (n = 21) had not been included in such planning. These findings suggest the need for increased involvement and support of fertility counsellors in the event of a future waves, other pandemic or healthcare crisis. More needs to be understood about why clinic responses varied; how to improve the safety and efficacy of remote counselling; and how to accommodate future needs for face-to-face contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asylum seekers and refugees (AS&Rs) experience impaired mental health and wellbeing, related to stresses in their country of origin, experiences in transit and reception on arrival, including significant barriers to accessing mainstream services. Their contact with health care is often crisis-driven and mediated through non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a psychosocial intervention recommended by the World Health Organisation to address distress experienced by adults affected by humanitarian crises. We are investigating its application for the first time in a high-income country.Methods: In a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), PM+ will be delivered to AS&Rs in contact with NGOs in Liverpool City Region, UK by lay therapists who have lived experience of forced migration. Following systematic review and stakeholder engagement, PM+ has been adapted to the local context, and lay therapists have been trained in its delivery. We will assess the feasibility of conducting a three-arm RCT of five 90-min sessions of PM+, delivered individually or in groups by lay therapists to AS&Rs experiencing emotional distress and functional impairment, compared with each other and with usual support offered by local NGOs. Distress and impairment at baseline will be measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS). We aim to recruit 105 participants, 35 per arm. Primary health outcomes are anxiety and depressive symptoms at 3 months, measured by HADS. Secondary outcomes include subjective wellbeing, functional status, progress on identified problems, presence of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder and service usage. Longer-term impact will be assessed at 6 months post baseline, on the same parameters. We will assess the feasibility of conducting a full RCT in relation to the following elements: recruitment and retention of lay therapists and study participants; fidelity of delivery of PM+; and suitability of the study measures, including any linguistic or cultural barriers.Discussion: We will use these findings to specify the parameters for a full RCT to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PM+ in reducing emotional distress and health inequalities, and improving functional ability and wellbeing, amongst asylum seekers and refugees.Trial Registration: ISRCTN, ID: ISRCTN15214107. Registered on 10 September 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Delirium is a common severe neuropsychiatric condition secondary to physical illness, which predominantly affects older adults in hospital. Prior to this study, the UK point prevalence of delirium was unknown. We set out to ascertain the point prevalence of delirium across UK hospitals and how this relates to adverse outcomes.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study across 45 UK acute care hospitals. Older adults aged 65 years and older were screened and assessed for evidence of delirium on World Delirium Awareness Day (14th March 2018). We included patients admitted within the previous 48 h, excluding critical care admissions.Results: The point prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) delirium diagnosis was 14.7% (222/1507). Delirium presence was associated with higher Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS): CFS 4-6 (frail) (OR 4.80, CI 2.63-8.74), 7-9 (very frail) (OR 9.33, CI 4.79-18.17), compared to 1-3 (fit). However, higher CFS was associated with reduced delirium recognition (7-9 compared to 1-3; OR 0.16, CI 0.04-0.77). In multivariable analyses, delirium was associated with increased length of stay (+ 3.45 days, CI 1.75-5.07) and increased mortality (OR 2.43, CI 1.44-4.09) at 1 month. Screening for delirium was associated with an increased chance of recognition (OR 5.47, CI 2.67-11.21).Conclusions: Delirium is prevalent in older adults in UK hospitals but remains under-recognised. Frailty is strongly associated with the development of delirium, but delirium is less likely to be recognised in frail patients. The presence of delirium is associated with increased mortality and length of stay at one month. A national programme to increase screening has the potential to improve recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Britain in the 1920s and 30 s saw both an infatuation with traditional craft work and an upsurge in amateur film-making. This article looks at the ways in which these two cultural interests intertwined. It argues that amateur films can help us to understand traditional craft as creative response to shifts in the rural economy. These films capture the commodification of craft as a seemingly quaint activity ideal for tourists to consume. They also reveal how hands-on craft labour offered a modern alternative to machine-made, mass-produced products. The act of film-making was itself part of a new manifestation of craft in modern culture and offered its own critique of mass production and mechanised society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report is based on an advisory board meeting that took place in London on 7th February 2019. The meeting convened an expert group to discuss the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), and specifically NPWT with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d), for managing Category 3 and 4 pressure ulcers (PUs). The aims and objectives of the meeting were to identify why there is currently an underuse of NPWTi-d for Category 3 and 4 PUs in the UK; to understand how to align recommendations for NPWTi-d with the national strategy for PUs; to propose actions needed to change practice; to suggest a framework for integrating NPWTi-d for this indication across trusts in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the changing nature of commercial leases with specific reference to the landlord and tenant relationship, lease lengths and incentivisation in the post-recessionary UK property market.Design/methodology/approach The research applies data analysis utilising the Estates Gazette Interactive database coupled with survey analysis conducted across three UK cities to investigate and compare the changing nature of the commercial property leasing market and the landlord and tenant relationship.Findings The empirical analysis highlights that recessionary conditions prevalent in the market from the 2007 global crisis has caused a reassessment of lease structures, leading to shorter lease terms and increased use of incentives, as tenants have been empowered to negotiate more flexible leases due to their stronger market position.Originality/value This paper builds upon previous research conducted back in 2005, investigating commercial leases in the market up-cycle. The recent volatility in the commercial property sector requires fresh insights and in-depth analysis of lease patterns, length and covenant strength, which is fundamental for investor decision-making. In addition, past research has tended to consider solely landlord or occupier perspectives, whereas this research offers new insight into the landlord–tenant lease negotiation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an overall decrease in exclusion rates and numbers in recent years across the UK. This change has often been heralded as evidence that national inclusion policies are ‘working’ and that schools themselves are becoming increasingly inclusive. This article examines findings from a recent study on school exclusion in Wales, noting that exclusion is falling here in line with UK wide trends. However, exclusion rates of children with special needs and others who face multiple disadvantages remain stubbornly high. Given these findings, and the evidence that this is the case across the UK, an important question arises about the broader relationship between school exclusion and inequality. This article seeks to address this question, and asks whether and to what extent the politics of recognition of difference, in Nancy Fraser's terms, can help explain the continuing over-representation of some groups of marginalised and vulnerable children in exclusion figures, despite this overall downward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on labor unions of Great Britain being forced to work outside the law. Topics include the phrase so far as may be lawful being removed from the rules of trade union Unite, the right to strike being restricted for labor unions by John Major, former prime minister of Great Britain, in 1992, criminalisation of labor union activities by the Conservative Party of Great Britain and protection from dismissal and employment tribunals under labor laws being sabotaged by politicians.

Background: It is proposed that family members are important sources of support in helping those with chronic musculoskeletal pain to remain at work, but the phenomenon remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the extent and nature of support provided by family members in this respect. Methods: Qualitative data were collected from workers and their 'significant others' (spouses/partners/close family members) in two un-related studies focused on working with pain; one conducted in the United Kingdom (n = 10 dyads) and one in the Netherlands (n = 21 dyads). Thematic analysis techniques were applied to both sets of data independently, and findings were then assimilated to establish common themes. Results: Findings were broadly similar in both studies. Workers acknowledged significant other support in helping them to manage their pain and remain at work, and their descriptions of the type of support provided and required were echoed by their significant others. Three common themes were identified - 'connectivity', 'activity' and 'positivity'. Worker and significant other responses were largely congruent, but significant others provided more in-depth information on the nature of their support, their concerns and the impact on their relationship. Conclusions: This research presents novel insights about the specific contribution made by significant others in helping their relatives with chronic musculoskeletal pain to stay at work. These findings add to the under-represented 'social' dimension of the biopsychosocial model currently applied to our understanding and treatment of pain, and point to harnessing support from significant others as a potentially effective management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines findings from a recent study in Wales of school exclusion and alternative educational provision. Many, but not all, children in alternative provision have been excluded from school. The most recent statistics reveal that nearly 90% of pupils in alternative provision have special educational needs, nearly 70% are entitled to free school meals (free school meal entitlement is often used as a proxy indicator for poverty in the UK) and three quarters are boys (Welsh Government. 2012a.Pupils Educated Other than at School, 2011/12. Cardiff: Welsh Government). The paper focuses on analysis of findings about young people's experiences of exclusion and alternative provision, and how these experiences may be contextualised within a discussion of children's rights. This analysis suggests that young people's experience is highly variable; that inappropriate curricula are still common, pastoral support uneven and that few opportunities exist for success or re-integration. In the most disturbing examples, young people were found to have experienced physical restraint and the use of isolation as punishment. The paper concludes, therefore, with a proposal for change aimed at ensuring that children's rights are placed at the heart of educational experience in practice as well as policy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

BACKGROUND: Treatment expectations form a fundamental component of the self-regulatory model of health behavior, which defines such cognitions as illness perceptions. Unrealistic and/or unhelpful treatment expectations have been linked to detrimental clinical and work outcomes in those with persistent low back pain. However, research of this nature has rarely focused on the influence of 'significant others' (spouse/partner/close family member). OBJECTIVE: To provide an in-depth examination of the treatment expectations of the 'significant others' of individuals who have become unable to work due to persistent low back pain, highlighting how significant others may influence recovery and work participation outcomes for such individuals. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample (n=18) of work disability benefit claimants and their significant others were recruited from two settings in the North of England. METHOD: A qualitative research design was employed, and semi-structured interviews based on the chronic pain version of the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised were conducted with claimants and their significant others. Interview data were analysed using template analysis. RESULTS: It was found that significant others expected a substantial reduction or complete removal of pain in order for treatment to be considered successful. The pursuit of diagnostic tests was important in validating such expectations, and there was continued scepticism of treatments already undertaken or offered as an alternative. Like the individuals affected, significant others believed that a correct diagnosis had not yet been received, which led to a continued delay in return to work. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that significant others have similar unrealistic and/or unhelpful treatment expectations to those widely reported by individuals with persistent low back pain, and could further reinforce such illness perceptions and serve as wider psychosocial obstacles to recovery and continued work participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents data drawn from interviews with a range of service providers and with the parents of pupils permanently excluded from alternative provision in England. The findings are considered in the context of recent policy developments in the area of children and families. These include the neo-liberal framing of parents as customers who are able and expected to exercise choice in respect of their children's education. We explore this notion with reference to situations in which parents were confronted with very limited options. The interviews with service providers illustrate the complex and contingent nature of their relations with the parents, as well as fundamental inconsistencies in the way the latter were regarded. It appeared that service providers' perceptions were partly shaped by the degree to which parents appeared to comply with their suggestions, and by the level of resources (financial, personal and social) parents had at their disposal. However, whether parents were perceived as customers, partners or problems seemed largely contingent. The authors conclude that it is in the complexities of the inter-relationships between service providers and parents that the fault-lines of some of the key tenets of contemporary social policy are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Behaviour in schools is an emotive topic and one of enduring political interest and sensitivity. The media often portrays schools as violent and dangerous places and young people as ever more unruly. This paper explores findings from a recent large-scale national study on behaviour and focuses on the data from primary and secondary school students within this study. The comments and suggestions offered by students move beyond a discussion of behaviour to focus on the broader questions of participation, engagement and meanings of active citizenship in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recent advances in stroke rehabilitation research, the translation of research evidence into practice remains a challenge. The purpose of this article is to communicate practical experience and describe research methodologies used to promote change and implementation of stroke rehabilitation research in three international settings. In England, the development of an evidence-based consensus document, combined with qualitative and quantitative methods, was used to promote practice change in community-based stroke services. The Canadian research program involved synthesis of evidence, creation of user friendly information, and development of multimodal knowledge transfer strategies to promote change at an individual clinician level. Australian researchers followed a multistep process, involving audit and feedback, identification of barriers, and tailored education to improve implementation of one clinical guideline recommendation. Reducing the evidence-practice gap requires the development of active management strategies. This article highlights the importance of close collaboration between stakeholders - both in terms of the transfer of evidence into clinical practice and for optimizing future Phase IV implementation research endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses a fundamental constitutional principle about the cost for acquitted defendants in Great Britain. He explains the victory achieved by the Law Society for acquitted defendants in June 2010 through a judicial review of scheme made by the Lord Chancellor which limits the costs defendants can recover to legal aid rates. He also describes the statutory basis for the award of costs for an acquitted defendant stipulated in the Prosecution of Offenses Act of 1985.

The article reports that three films including Daily Round, Penny Journey and The Horsey Mail, produced by General Post Office (GPO) projected the physical, social, and cultural landscapes of the countryside of Great Britain and the obstacles to integrate modern transportation services within contemporary rural Britain are presented. It is stated that several documents depicting the state of interwar Britain, including H.V.Morton's "In Search Of England," were published during that period.

The article focuses on information literacy in higher education health courses. It states that the Darzi report, which promotes evidence-based practice in Great Britain's National Health Service, has encouraged information literacy in the health care field. It comments on enquiry-based learning in higher education and the need for undergraduates to have information literacy skills. It talks about the collaboration between faculty and librarians in information literacy development and how increased use of virtual learning environments gives librarians the opportunity to get involved with web-based collaborations of information literacy.

The article discusses the predicate offence in the criminal offence of money laundering which generates the funds to be laundered. Also noted is the fact that certain cases decided under the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) 2002 have undermined the significance of the actual source of fund. It describes a case which demonstrates that a specific predicate offence as underlying a money laundering offence is slowly being eroded, and money laundering is becoming a primary offence in its own right.

Schools in the UK looking for solutions to concerns about indiscipline have been enthused by the basic premise of restorative practice; the need to restore good relationships when there has been conflict or harm; and develop a school ethos, policies and procedures that reduce the possibilities of such conflict and harm arising. In 2004 the Scottish Executive funded a national pilot project on restorative practice and commissioned a team at Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities to carry out a two-year evaluation of the pilot. In this paper, we discuss staff and pupil understandings and offer some exploration of the underpinning principles of restorative practice as it has developed thus far in schools. We explore the successes and challenges schools experienced and discuss the potential contribution of restorative practices for schools in challenging times. Finally we relate our findings to some critical arguments about the meaning and purposes of discipline and control in schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This before-and-after study involved 36 occupational therapists who attended a one-day workshop on outcome measurement. The participants were given nine ready-to-use outcome measures and follow-up support. Outcome measure use was evaluated after 4 months using a self-report questionnaire. The proportion of therapists reporting use of outcome measures increased from 65.7% at baseline (23/36 participants) to 91.4% at 4 months post-workshop (32/35 participants). There was a small increase in the range of outcome measures used across the sample, from 15 at baseline to 18 after 4 months. Although the proportion of therapists measuring outcomes improved markedly after 4 months, it is not known if these behaviours were maintained in the longer term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Occupational health guidelines recommend a biopsychosocial approach to manage sickness absence due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), with a primary focus on early intervention through provision of a supportive network.Aims To investigate the implementation of a guidelines-based intervention (early contact of absentees; addressing psychosocial obstacles; offering temporary modified work; communicating among the players), and to determine whether this is effective for reducing return-to-work times and duration of future absence.Methods A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted within a UK company. Occupational health nurses at two experimental sites (1435 workers) were trained to deliver the intervention to workers taking absence due to MSDs (low back and upper limb disorders), while usual care was delivered at three control sites (1483 workers). Company-recorded absence data were collected over a 12-month follow-up period.Results The implementation of the experimental intervention was impeded by unforeseen organizational obstacles at one site (policies, procedures and individual approaches) which had a detrimental effect on uptake and delivery. At the site where the intervention was delivered per protocol, absence was significantly less compared with controls; 6.5 and 10.8 days, respectively. However, the duration of future absence was not significantly different (13.0 and 25.1 days, respectively).Conclusions An early intervention addressing psychosocial obstacles to recovery can be effective for reducing absence due to MSDs. Successful implementation, where the key players are onside and organizational obstacles are overcome, is difficult to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose ? This paper aims to contribute to the theory, practice and development trends in relation to commercial property leases. Design/methodology/approach ? The paper utilises three key methodological approaches to the research, namely, case studies, desktop literature review and questionnaire survey analysis. This approach enables the in-depth analysis of both primary and secondary data in relation to the wider commercial property leasing market. Findings ? The main findings from an analysis of the case study cities demonstrate clearly that office tenants are requiring shorter lease terms, more tenant break options and rent reviews to market value. Research limitations/implications ? The paper relates to the development of commercial property leases. While the research inferences are drawn from four major cities they would nonetheless represent a similar pattern from across the UK. Practical implications ? The findings of this paper should be of practical benefit to those involved in the drafting of commercial leases and in particular the management and leasing of commercial property. Originality/value ? This paper presents the results of original empirical research utilising data drawn from several authoritative sources. The value of the work lies in the lease patterns that have been discovered through the case studies analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the capital value banding approach for determining the residential property taxation in Great Britain. Pros and cons of the capital value banding approach; Extent to which a banded approach can be made to perform an acceptable standard and ways in which policy makers can utilize a banded approach; Factors that determine the appropriate method for property taxation.

Discusses property tax banding in Great Britain and its potential application in other developing countries. Background on banding in Great Britain; Advantages of banding; Appraisal options for a value-based property tax; Factors important to the efficient operation of an ad valorem property tax.

Focuses on the pursuit and practice of complementary therapies by cancer patients on conventional therapies in Great Britain. Definition of complementary medicine; List of common complementary therapies sought out; Satisfaction of patient with complementary therapy. INSET: Clinical implications.

An excerpt from the speech delivered by Unite the Union General Secretary Len McCluskey to the Unite-Community Practitioners and Health Visitors Association (CPHVA) Conference Special 2019 is presented.

The author comments on the effort of Unite/Community Practitioners and Health Visitors Association (CPHVA) to protect its 100,000 members from effects of the budget cuts of the government in Great Britain.

Presents a study evaluating the outcome of laparoscopic adjustable Swedish gastric banding among obese patients in Great Britain. Result of massive fatty liver or severe intraoperative hypoxia and hypotension; Absence of perioperative deaths; Occurrence of several complications.

We conducted a randomised prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of oral midazolam premedication in 50 ASA I and II female patients scheduled to undergo day case breast surgery. Anxiety was assessed using 100-mm visual analogue scales (VAS) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) psychometric questionnaire. Midazolam premedication did not significantly reduce either VAS or STAI score, although heart rate and systolic arterial pressure immediately before induction of anaesthesia were significantly lower in patients who received midazolam (p = 0.006 and 0.039, respectively). Induction of anaesthesia was achieved with a lower dose of propofol (p = 0.0009) and excellent (Grade I) conditions for insertion of a laryngeal mask airway were achieved more often after midazolam premedication (p = 0.038). Arterial desaturation during induction of anaesthesia and insertion of a laryngeal mask airway occurred more often in patients who received placebo (p = 0.022). There was a good correlation between VAS and STAI used to assess the anxiolytic effects of premedication. (Spearman coefficient 0.58, p < 0.0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the unmet need for accessible mental health services for refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries, the PROSPER study is testing implementation of the World Health Organization Problem Management Plus (PM+) intervention. Incorporating task-sharing strategies, the intervention is delivered by Peer Lay Therapists with lived experience of seeking asylum or migration. The PM+ training adopts a cascade apprenticeship model, where Master Trainers train and supervise Wellbeing Mentors; who subsequently train and supervise the Peer Lay Therapists. We describe application of this training and supervision approach in PROSPER, drawing on Master Trainer and Wellbeing Mentor perspectives. We then reflect on our experiences, highlighting logistical challenges when working with refugee and asylum-seeking Peer Lay Therapists, the strategies to promote their ongoing engagement and the opportunities for team and personal growth. A core learning point has been the role of straddling the intervention and research components of the PROSPER study. Based on our experiences, we make recommendations for others adopting a task-sharing approach by training refugees and asylum seekers as Peer Lay Therapists in high-income countries, so that this might inform service programming and/or associated research activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]