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Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease have a lower quality of life compared to the general population. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is of particular interest as good oral health could influence general health. This study aimed to compare dental and periodontal health status, OHRQoL, and general health perception of renal transplant (TX) and hemodialysis patients (HD) with that of healthy controls., Methods: The study included 64 TX, 63 HD, and 61 healthy patients. TX patients were also grouped according to the time elapsed after transplantation and currently use of immunosuppressive agents. The numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth were recorded as DMFT, and periodontal health status was evaluated. Patients' general health perceptions and OHRQoL were assessed using Short Form-36, Oral Health Impact Profile-14, and OHRQoL-United Kingdom questionnaires., Results: The HD groups presented significantly higher DMFT scores and periodontal scores than TX and control groups. OHRQoL-United Kingdom total scores of TX and HD groups were lower than controls (P < .05). Oral Health Impact Profile-14 total scores revealed that HD groups' OHRQoL was significantly lower than TX and control groups (P < .05). Perceptions of general health of TX patients were higher than in the HD group., Conclusions: Renal transplantation has shown to increase quality of life and OHRQoL compared to hemodialysis therapy. Neither the immunosuppressive agent nor the time elapsed after transplantation were observed to be significant factors affecting OHRQoL., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)