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The article offers information on a repair work conducted at two bridges built in 1906 by using riveted steel plate girders, and the bridges are maintained by Gloucestershire Warwickshire Steam Railway (GWSR) PLC in Great Britain. The Stanton Bridge presented sever corrosion to its main and secondary girders, while the Gretton Bridge needed the repair of its bottom flange and web stiffner. Information on the repair process of the two bridges is presented.

Intact skin among many other functions provides a protective barrier between the body and its environment, which is critical in regulating trans-epidermal water loss (Wilkinson and Moor, 1982).The frequent application and removal of adhesives can damage skin by stripping away the outer epidermal layers. Older people, very young children and those with an underlying skin disorder may be particularly at risk (Gibelli et al, 1999; Lyons and Smith, 2003). Hydrocolloid adhesives, which hold moisture in the adhesive mass, are more skin friendly than the acrylic adhesives they now replace and have now become the material of choice for ostomy flanges and flange extenders (Smith et al, 2007). To understand stoma care nurses' awareness of the value of technologically-advanced silicone and hydrocolloid products, the authors undertook a nationwide postal survey. The survey, commissioned by four companies in the United Kingdom, who make silicone and hydrocolloid products that can be used in stoma care, were keen to evaluate the awareness of these products to confirm their importance to the patient and why they should be appropriately categorized for reimbursement by the Department of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an extensive parametric study of elastic and inelastic buckling of cellular beams subjected to strong axis bending in order to investigate the effect of a variety of geometric parameters, and further generate mass data to validate and train a neural network-based formula. Python was employed to automate mass finite element (FE) analyses and reliably examine the influence of the parameters. Overall, 102,060 FE analyses were performed. The effects of the initial geometric imperfection, material nonlinearity, manufacture-introduced residual stresses, web opening diameter, web-post width, web height, flange width, web and flange thickness, end web-post width, and span of the beams and their combinations were thoroughly examined. The results are also compared with the current state-of-the-art design guidelines used in the UK. It was concluded that the critical elastic buckling load of perforated beams corresponds to the lateral movement of the compression flange while the most critical parameters are the web thickness and the geometry of the flange. However, from the inelastic analysis, the geometry and position of the web opening influence the collapse load capacity in a similar fashion to the geometry of the flange and thickness of the web. It was also concluded that the effect of the initial conditions was insignificant. • Mass (102,060) FE analyses were conducted and compared with SCI's analytical method. • The most critical parameter for both global elastic and inelastic analyses is the web thickness. • Perforated beams with non-standard web opening configurations should be considered for Eurocode 3 compliance. • Mass data results can be used to derive sophisticated closed-form solutions. • The effect of the initial geometric and material imperfection was found insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]