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We present the first study employing Bayesian modelling of isotopic measurements on dentine increments (five human upper first molars) to address Romano‐British infant feeding practices at Bainesse (UK). The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope results modelled to 6‐month intervals with novel OsteoBioR software revealed some common patterns, with weaning not starting before the age of 6 months and higher animal protein consumption after the age of seven. The latter possibly indicated a 'survival' threshold, evidenced by historical sources and osteological data, hence marking a rise in social status of children. The important role of Bainesse as commercial hub in relation to the fort of Cataractonium does not exclude a priori the possibility that medical treatises and Roman culture were known at the site. However, our results also showed significant intra‐individual differences with weaning cessation taking place between 2 and 5 years, suggesting that these were followed only partially and other aspects influenced family decisions on infant feeding practices in Bainesse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) are two groups of genetically inherited conditions resulting in abnormal enamel and dentin formation, respectively. Children and young people may be adversely affected by these conditions, with significant reduction in oral health related quality of life. Dental management of children with AI and DI is often complex, which is exacerbated by the absence of clear referral pathways and scarce evidence-based guidelines., Method: The need for increased knowledge and peer support led to the development of a group of UK paediatric dentists with a special clinical interest in the management of children with AI and DI., Purpose: The aims of this paper are to describe the establishment of an AI/DI Clinical Excellence Network (AI/DI CEN) in paediatric dentistry including outputs and future plans, and to share our collective learning to help support others anywhere in the world advance the care of people with AI or DI., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Dental caries remains a significant health problem globally, causing morbidity in those affected and consuming health resources. The management of caries consumes considerable finances both for individuals and the public purse. The scientific understanding of the dental caries process has evolved considerably over the last four decades with a move towards a minimum intervention oral care (MIOC) approach to managing patients. The minimally invasive operative intervention that retains demineralised, caries-affected dentine under a well-sealed restoration in order to avoid instrumentation close to the pulp, has shown clinical efficacy in treating individual teeth, as part of the MIOC framework. However, implementation of the selective caries removal approach in deep lesions is still not thought to be practised routinely by clinicians both globally, and in the UK. This article discusses some of the issues that may account for this and describes a case study using this operative strategy. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Restoring deep carious lesions can be a challenge, but using selective caries removal approaches will help minimise the adverse effects of pulp trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the in vitro potential of dentin tubule occlusion of two novel experimental dentifrices consisting of fluoride containing bioactive glass (BG) with zinc oxide nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight dentin discs (n = 48) were divided into 6 groups (n = 8), based on their brushing dentifrices: Group 1 = artificial saliva (AS; control); Group 2 = fluoride dentifrice (Colgate Palmolive©, UK); Group 3 = experimental nonactive agent dentifrice; Group 4 = experimental dentifrice with 1.5% BG; Group 5 = experimental dentifrice with 4% BG; and Group 6 = BioMinF© dentifrice. Postbrushing, the discs were subjected to acidic challenge with 6% wt citric acid (pH = 4.0) for 1 min. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were performed pre- and post-citric acid challenges, and percentages of tubule occlusion assessed.Results: SEM micrographs of group 1 (AS) show no tubule occlusion (0%), whereas those of groups 2 and 3 show partial tubule occlusion (25 to <50% of tubules occluded). The SEM micrographs of dentifrices containing fluoride-BG (groups 4, 5, and 6) show that most of the tubules (>50 and <100%) were occluded. For all the groups (excluding group 1), pre- and post-citric acid challenge values are statistically significant (p < 0.05). EDX analysis reveals the presence of zinc in experimental dentifrices only.Conclusion: The results of novel experimental dentifrices are comparable to those of the BioMinF©, in terms of tubule occlusion. Dentifrices containing BG could serve as an alternative in dentin sensitivity management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore, through face to face interviews with a selection of General Dental Practitioners (GDPs), their views and experiences of having used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) within primary care research studies for recording caries. Methods: This qualitative study involved one on one interviews with eight GDP’s who had previously used ICDAS on patients in their dental practices as part of a research study. The participants were selected from among those who had taken part in two clinical studies in the UK using convenient, but purposive sampling. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed; the data analysis was conducted by thematic analysis. Results: GDP’s indicated their beliefs that ICDAS had an important role in caries prevention but reported four main barriers while using the full (6 caries stages) ICDAS coding system in their practices: lack of simplicity of coding, financial implications and time consumption (in both training and use of ICDAS) and inadequate undergraduate training. An overarching theme identified from the GDPS was the willingness to offer potential solutions to their barriers which might improve the utilisation of the system in primary care. Conclusion: The GDPs experienced common obstacles in using ICDAS in the primary care setting, many of which have relatively straight-forward solutions which they put forward themselves such as: incentivisation, undergraduate-level training in ICDAS for both dentists and nurses and computerized data entry. Further qualitative and quantitative research is needed on how to facilitate the utilisation of the system in dental practice. It is also recommended to explore the influences of wider agencies on influencing primary dental care professionals’ caries management, including appropriate recording of diagnosis and risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Single-bottle universal bonding agents are available to reduce the treatment time and technique sensitivity. However, it is hard to prevent the effect of moisture contamination in the oral cavity, eg, in cases of incomplete isolation by rubber-dam, which may significantly decrease bond strength. This study evaluated the shear bond strength to dentin of G-Premio BOND under moist conditions. Materials and Methods: Bovine dentin surfaces were polished with 320-grit SiC paper and divided into four groups by material (n = 5 /material and condtion): G-Premio BOND; GB (GC), Scotchbond Universal Adhesive; SU (3M), Prime&Bond Universal; PB (Dentsply Sirona) and CLEARFIL Universal Bond Quick; CU (Kuraray). Adhesives were applied to dentin surfaces according to manufacturers' instructions. All specimens were prepared under the following temperature and humidity conditions: (i) 25°C, 50%; (ii) 30°C, 70%; (iii) 30°C, 90%. For the adhesive of GB, they were treated for 0 and 10 s and dried with maximum air. Shear bond strength was statistically analyzed using Tukey's multiple-comparison test (α = 0.05). Results: In this study, GB showed high bond strength to dentin despite high humidity. On the other hand, the bond strength of most other products significant decreases because of the moist atmosphere. In the oral cavity, the adhesive layer is vulnerable to polymerization inhibition by the incomplete exclusion of moisture. The amount of water in GB was originally increased to improve demineralization and shorten the waiting time, but it was completely vaporized by maximum air as it contains acetone and no HEMA. Therefore, GB is less affected by contamination such as with water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Kingdom Defence Dental Agency assesses United Kingdom servicemen as being at low. moderate, or high risk of developing morbidity during the next year, based on the examining dental officer's assessment of their dental status. The most frequent reason for assessing a patient as being at high risk of experiencing a dental emergency is the presence of extensive caries; however, dental officers' perceptions of which caries render a patient at high risk vary considerably. An investigation was carried out with records for Royal Air Force recruits who had been assessed as needing restorative work at their initial dental inspections but for whom this treatment had not been provided for ≥ 1 year. Intraoral radiographs taken at the initial dental inspection were examined, and the width of apparently sound dentine remaining between the edge of the carious lesion and the pulp was measured. The results indicate that, when there is ≥2 mm of apparently sound dentine remaining, there is very little risk that the patient will experience symptoms during the next year. Personnel with a carious tooth with <2 mm of sound dentine remaining should be classified as high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a novel mandible slice organ culture model to investigate the effects of externally applied force on the dentine-pulp complex. Design: In vitro organ culture. Setting: School of Dentistry, Birmingham. UK. Materials and methods: Transverse 2 mm thick sections were cut from the mandibles of five 28-day-old male Wistar rats. Serial sections were used for control and test pairs. Springs made from 0.016-inch and 0.019 x 0.025-inch stainless steel wires were used to apply a 50 g tensile or compressive force, respectively, to test specimens. Control and test specimens were cultured for 5 days in a humidified incubator with 5% CO; at 37°C and processed for routine histological investigation. Nine more rats were used to provide control and compression test pairs where the pulps were extirpated after 3 days culture and total RNA isolated for gene expression analysis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Histology showed the dental and supporting tissues maintained a healthy appearance in the control cultures after culture. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a 20-27% increase in pulp fibroblast density in test specimens compared with controls. Gene expression analyses revealed up-regulation in the test groups of PCNA, c-Myc, Collagen l x, TGF-β1 and alkahne phosphatase. whilst expression of osteocalcin was reduced. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the present organ culture technique provides a valuable in vitro experimental model for studying the effects of externally applied forces. These forces stimulated a cellular response in the pulp chamber characterized by altered gene expression and proliferation of fibroblasts; the latter being unaffected by the nature of the force in terms of compression or tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) in a cross-sectional study of patients visiting general dental practitioners in the UK over a period of one calendar month. Eighteen dental practitioners examined 5477 patients over a period of one calendar month, and patients who were diagnosed with DH were questioned further about their occupation and smoking habits. The amount of buccal gingival recession associated with the sensitive teeth was also recorded, as was the presence of periodontal disease. One hundred and fifty-two patients were diagnosed as having DH, giving a prevalence figure of 2.8%. The commonest teeth affected were the first molars and premolars, and the commonest initiating factor was cold drinks. A tendency for a greater number of DH teeth was also found for patients with periodontal disease who also smoked. There was also a tendency for the patients with DH teeth to come from higher social groups. At the time of conducting this study, the European Federation of Periodontology had not recommended that sensitive teeth associated with periodontal disease and treatment be termed root sensitivity (RS). The title of this paper was therefore chosen to reflect this decision, and the data represent teeth both within and between subjects with DH and RS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in a cross-sectional study of patients visiting general dental practitioners in the South West region of the UK over a period of 1 calendar month. Method: Twelve dental practitioners examined 3593 patients over a period of 1 calendar month and 137 patients were diagnosed as having dentine hypersensitivity, giving a prevalence figure of 3.8%. Results: The commonest teeth affected were the upper premolar and molar teeth and the commonest initiating factor was cold drinks. Conclusions: The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in general dental practice in the UK was 3.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation of vein networks is a common process in the upper and middle crust and has significant implications of its strength and permeability. Most such vein networks form by crack-seal or crack-jump mechanisms, where fracturing and fracture sealing is cyclically repeated many times. Whilst the geometries of such vein networks are well documented, the factors that control the distribution of the veins and the dynamic evolution of such networks are still under a debate.Here we present results from a study of the Lilstock limestones in the UK that contain pervasive sets of subparallel microveins. The veins are filled with calcite and have a width ranging from 10-100 µm. They are arranged in bundles, where the individual veins are regularly spaced at distances of 50–100 µm in between. The lack of crosscutting relationships and the small width of most of the veins suggest that they were rheologically stronger than the host rock during the fracturing cycles and did not tend to reactivate. However, the observed bundle-type arrangement of these veins does not follow the typical pattern that can be expected when a homogenous material undergoes fracturing. We suggest that the observed arrangement of the calcite veins in the Lilstock limestones may be determined by the fluid interaction with the host rock during the vein formation, where it not only seals the fractures, but also cements the pore spaces in the adjacent host rock. The fractures in every next brittle cycle therefore do not form randomly, but rather nucleates and are deflected on the new rheological boundary between the unaltered host rock and the cemented host rock. We employ detailed microstructural and micro-chemical analysis to characterize the porosity structure and connectedness around the veins, determine the distribution of the intergranular cement and its relation to the veins. This study sheds light on the role of wall rock cementation in the development of vein networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate agreement between the estimated remaining dentine thickness (RDT) under lesions of caries, measured from a conventional in vivo periapical radiograph, compared directly to the measured RDT of the tooth. Additional investigation was to be made for agreement between in vitro digital radiographs and conventional radiographs.Design and setting This was a cross-sectional, single centre study at Leeds Dental Institute, United Kingdom, in 2009.Subjects, materials and methods Twenty-five carious teeth with occlusal or proximal lesions were collected from patients aged 19 to 82 years attending the Oral Surgery Department. Each patient had a pre-extraction in vivo periapical radiograph of the tooth demonstrating an intact layer of dentine below the lesions of caries. Post-extraction in vitro digital and conventional radiographs were taken.Main outcome measures Agreement of the RDT was analysed using Bland-Altman plots.Results A trend for the radiographic images to over-estimate the RDT compared to the tooth was found. Greater over-estimation of the RDT by conventional radiographs both in vivo and in vitro was shown compared to the in vitro digital images in the majority of cases.Conclusion This analysis has demonstrated it is not possible to estimate the dimension of the RDT from a periapical radiograph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces the Sensitrol product from Dextrel Dental company in Great Britain. Indication of Sensitrol for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity; Consideration of the product as the first potassium oxalate desensitizer that is neutral in hydrogen-ion concentration; Chemical composition.