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Background: The non-genetic factors predisposing to trigger finger (TF) have mostly been characterised in small studies from individual institutions. Here, we aimed to provide a more complete picture of TF and its associations., Methodology: This case-control study used cross-sectional data from the UK Biobank population-based cohort to identify and determine the strength of associations of phenotypic variables with TF. We performed multivariable logistic regression of a multitude of phenotypic factors associated with TF., Results: We identified 2250 individuals with medical and surgical diagnostic codes for TF, and 398,495 controls. TF was found to be significantly associated with age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.04, P < 2.23×10 -308 ), female sex (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.39, P = 2.35×10 -3 ), body mass index (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.16, P = 5.52×10 -4 ), carpal tunnel syndrome (OR 9.59, 95% CI 8.68-10.59, P < 2.23×10 -308 ), Dupuytren's disease (OR 4.89, 95% CI 4.06-5.89, P < 2.23×10 -308 ), diabetes mellitus without complications (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15-1.58, P = 2.03×10 -4 ) and with complications (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.90-3.17, P = 4.98×10 -12 ), HbA1c (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02, P = 8.99×10 -9 ), hypothyroidism (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.43, P = 4.75×10 -3 ) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.68, P = 0.014)., Conclusion: Our results provide evidence supporting the well-known risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, carpal tunnel syndrome, age and female sex. Furthermore, we can confirm putative associations such as hypothyroidism, obesity and rheumatoid arthritis, while providing evidence against others such as hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. A novel finding arising from this study is the strong association with Dupuytren's disease. Our study design allowed us to identify these associations as being independent from carpal tunnel syndrome, thereby indicating a shared pathophysiology between this disease and TF., (Copyright © 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Surgical deactivation of extracranial nerve trigger sites is now well established as an effective treatment for migraine headache. Parallels have been drawn to median nerve decompression for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and 2 previous studies have demonstrated an association between migraine and CTS. The authors sought to (1) substantiate these findings in a considerably larger UK cohort, and (2) investigate potential genetic associations between the 2 disorders., Methods: Nested case-control studies were conducted in the UK Biobank cohort of 401,656 individuals. Odds ratios were calculated for the association between migraine and CTS in the overall cohort and sex-stratified subsets. Genetic correlation between migraine and CTS was interrogated by linkage disequilibrium score regression, leveraging data from published genomewide association studies. Regions of genetic overlap were identified by multitrait analysis of genomewide association studies and cross-phenotype association., Results: Migraine and CTS show a significant epidemiologic association within UK Biobank (OR, 1.14, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.25; P = 0.0058), which is specific to women (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.28; P = 0.0057) and not men (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.40; P = 0.61). Genetic analysis demonstrated a significant positive genetic correlation between the 2 disorders ( rg = 0.13; P = 0.0039), and implicated the TRIM32 locus on chromosome 9 as a region of genetic overlap., Conclusions: This study replicates past reports of an epidemiologic association between CTS and migraine, albeit in women only. This association is underpinned by a genetic correlation, with shared genetic susceptibility at the TRIM32 locus. The authors' data add credibility to the notion that an element of entrapment neuropathy underlies migraine pathophysiology., Clinical Question/level of Evidence: Risk, III., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)